52 MARXISM AND DARWINISM. 



\ng to the Darwinian theory. It is man that acts as 

 breeder, tamer, cultivator ; and it is man that does the 

 weeding. It is man that changes the entire environ- 

 ment, making the further forms of plants and animals 

 suit his aim and will. 



With the origin of tools, further changes in the 

 human body cease. The human organs remain what 

 they were, with the exception of the brain. The hu- 

 man brain had to develop together with tools ; and, in 

 fact, we see that the difference between the higher and 

 lower races of mankind consists mainly in the contents 

 of their brains. But even the development of this 

 organ had to stop at a certain stage. Since the be- 

 ginning of civilization, the functions of the brain are 

 ever more taken away by some artificial means; 

 science is treasured up in books. Our reasoning fac- 

 ulty of today is not much better than the one pos- 

 sessed by the Greeks, Romans or even the Teutons, 

 but our knowledge has grown immensely, and this is 

 greatly due to the fact that the mental organ was un- 

 burdened by its substitutes, the books. 



Having learned the diflference between men and 

 animals, let us now again consider how they are af- 

 fected by the struggle for existence. That this strug- 

 gle is the cause of perfection and the weeding out of 

 the imperfect, can not be denied. In this struggle the 

 animals become ever more perfect. Here, however, it 

 is necessary to be more precise in expression and in 

 observation of what perfection consists. In being so, 

 we can no longer say that animals as a whole struggle 

 and become perfected. Animals struggle and compete 

 by means of their particular organs. Lions do not" 

 e^ ry on the struggle by means of their tails ; hares do 



