TWITCHES, GAGS AND BARNACLES. 



17 



Another form of iron and chain twitch, Figure 9, is strong 

 and durable. It is preferred by some operators, while by 

 others it is condemned. The 

 hand piece is simply a flat 

 piece of iron hammered into 

 proper shape. After shaping 

 the metal two holes are 

 drilled through it to accom- 



Fig. 9. Iron and Chain Twitch. 



modate the t^visted link 



chain. The chain may be the same diameter and length as 

 the one used in Figure 8. This same pattern of twitch may be 

 made of wood for handle instead of metal, and horse-hair rope, 

 sash cord, or common rope instead of chain. 



Fig. 10. Rope Loop and Short Stick Twitch. 



The rope loop 

 and short stick 

 twitch. Figure 10, 

 consists of a piece of 

 rope or sash cord 

 varying in diameter 

 from Yg to % inch, 

 and in length from 

 12 to 20 inches. The 

 bends are tied togeth- 

 er, A round stick 

 (a) from 8 to 20 

 inches long is used 

 to complete this 

 twitch. 



The Gag. 



The "gag" has been used since time immemorial as a means 

 of subjection and restraint. Although seldom used now by the 



