THE DOG 



These are only a few specimens taken at 

 random from the rich collection of evidences 

 of affection given to dogs by intelligent men. 

 Let us now examine into the actual lives of 

 our dogs and see their numerous useful deeds. 



Teeth at the End of Two Ye.ars 



While so doing we shall give some advice on 

 the best methods of bringing up, caring for, 

 and utilizing these intelligent animals ; pho- 

 tography will do the rest. 



III. The Dog Internally and Externally 



If we sent postpaid to our readers 247 little 

 bones, asking them to construct therefrom a 

 perfect specimen of the domestic dog, we 

 doubt whether man)' of them would be pleased 

 with the gift. We therefore refrain from 

 sending it, and consequently have no need to 

 add to the 247 bones 42 teeth and a few 

 ear cartilages that go with them. Yet those 

 forty-two teeth desei"ve an attentive examina- 

 tion. As long as they remain in the animal's 

 mouth they serve, as with horses, to determine 

 his age. It is useful to know that a normal 

 dog ought to have twelve incisors, four molars, 

 and twenty-six large teeth. The first, or milk 

 teeth, appear from four to six weeks after 

 birth, and give place to the incisors from four 



precautions, we open the jaws of a dog and 

 behold a number of pretty little white lilies 

 at the end of the crown of the incisors, we 

 know the dog is still young, that is, under a 

 year old. From the first to the second year 

 these teeth become more or less worn, and 

 when the animal is in his third year they are 

 completely worn out, especially those in the 

 lower jaw. A dog must be more than four years 

 old before the eyeteeth and the teeth below 

 them become visibly worn ; and this indication 

 grows more and more distinct with age. After 

 the seventh year the teeth are completely worn 

 down, and drop out here and there. In making 

 an examination we must not forget that food, 

 according as it is hard or soft, has a great 

 influence on the condition of the teeth. 



Teeth excepted, the other parts of a dog's 

 skeleton, and the nobler parts which it incloses, 

 — such as the lungs, the heart, etc., — do not 

 require us to make a long examination, unless, 

 indeed, we wear the spectacles of a zoologist. 

 The muscles and the sinews that form the flesh 

 and join the articulations are of great impor- 

 tance to the breeder, because they are in close 



Teeth Worx .and Bi.cnted in .an Old Dog 



relation with the exterior forms, and especially 

 with the ability of certain species of dogs to 

 to six months later. The large teeth appear in perform the work for which they are intended, 

 the third or fourth week, and drop out at the We shall have to speak later of the position 

 end of fi\'e months. If, therefore, taking due of the lungs in a broad high chest, or in a 



