172 HISTORY OF BOTANY 



of J. G. Agardh, and Kiitzing's Tabulae Phycologicae, 

 we have such important general works as Harvey's 

 Phycologia Britannica and Phycologia Australis, Reinke's 

 Atlas dentscher M ceres- Algen, De Toni's Sylloge Algarum, 

 Kjellmann's Algae of the Arctic Sea, and Hauck's Meeres- 

 Algen in Rabenhorst's great compendium Kryptogamen- 

 flora. The morphology and hfe-history of specific groups 

 of genera were also dealt with in detail in Areschoug's 

 Ohservationes Phycologicae, Agardh's Till Algernes 

 Systematik, and Bornet and Thuret's magnificent volumes, 

 the Notes algologiques and £tudes phycologiques. Among 

 the more special monographs I must at least mention 

 Berthold's researches on the sexual reproduction of the 

 Phaeophyceae, pubhshed in 1881, Schmitz's investigation 

 into the fertihsation of the Florideae, 1883, and Sirodot's 

 paper on Batrachospermum, 1884. 



In the Fungi De Bary's fundamental treatise on the 

 Morphology and Classification of Fungi, Mycetozoa and 

 Bacteria appeared in 1881, and in it he traced the descent 

 of the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes from the oogamous 

 series of the Phycomycetes, these higher groups showing 

 progressive loss of sexuality. Brefeld, however, took an 

 entirely different view of the relationships of these groups, 

 deriving all the higher Fungi from the Mucorinae, a 

 branch of the Zygomycetes, and holding that the fruit of 

 the Ascomycetes was entirely asexual in origin — in short, 

 a cluster of Mucor gonidangia enclosed in a sterile pericarp. 

 Brefeld's views were elaborated in a long series of im- 

 portant monographs, and were placed before the botanical 

 pubhc in a masterly sketch, Vergleichende Morphologic 

 der Pilzen, in 1892, from the pen of Von Tavel, who, 

 in this respect, acted as Boswell to Brefeld's Johnson, 

 and his work did much to gain supporters for Brefeld's 

 views. The correctness of De Bary's position was, 

 however, completely substantiated by Harper's researches 

 on Sphaerotheca in 1895. Harper had come to work 

 with Strasburger in the previous year, and had been 



