150 Lake Maxinkuckee, Physical and Biological Survey 



in porches, and late dragon-flies flew about over the snow. The 

 evening of the day closed in dark and snowy, and it snowed pretty 

 hard all night, leaving 10 inches of snow on a level on undisturbed 

 places. The snow settled thickly on the leaves of poplar trees, 

 which were still green, and the weight in many instances broke 

 off the boughs. 



Relation of snoiv to the lake: — During the parts of early winter 

 before the ground is covered with snow, a considerable amount of 

 sand from the dry, barren sand hills about the lake is driven on 

 to the ice and subsequently finds its way to the lake bottom. A cov- 

 ering of snow over the surrounding country of course puts a stop 

 to this process. 



A still more marked effect is that produced by a thick blanket 

 of snow upon the ice of the lake. Among the most striking of the 

 phenomena of the ice is its expanding and contracting on the clear, 

 warm days and cold nights of winter ; great cracks opening in cer- 

 tain places by the contracting of the ice, and the ice being heaved up 

 in others, because of the expansion, until it forms high rooflike 

 ridges. All these movements are accompanied by sharp cracking 

 and booming like the firing of distant cannon. These movements 

 are the cause of the shoving up of the ice-beach, and are said to 

 have been quite striking during the winter of 1899-1900. They 

 were well under way during the winter of 1900-1901 when a heavy 

 blanket of snow covered the ice, the great weight of the snow 

 weighing heavily on the ice, and by protecting it from alternate 

 contractions and expansions, put a stop to its movements. 



FOG 



General fogs are rather uncommon about the lake; they are 

 very local in their nature and are confined to certain localities for 

 the greater part. The dry, sandy soil, so common in the higher 

 ground, warms up readily during the day and is unfavorable to the 

 formation of fog. On the other hand, the extensive level, peaty 

 tracts lying in the country west of the lake are especially favorable 

 to the formation of fogs ; so are Green's marsh and the marsh at 

 the north end of Lost Lake, Inlet marsh, and the region along the 

 outlet. Lost Lake, which warms up more readily on account of its 

 shallowness, and also cools more readily at night, is more favorable 

 to the formation of fogs than Lake Maxinkuckee, and when small, 

 local fogs are formed on the lake they are usually formed over 

 stretches of shallow water, such as Aubeenaubee or Outlet bay. 

 The fogs of the flat, peaty plains are generally very chilly and de- 



