226 Lake Maxinkuckee, Physical and Biological Survey 



storm and wind on the weak-edged with a Hne of chopped ice, so 

 that finally the limit of each freezing period was marked by a ring 

 of choppy ice, and the stages of freezing could be counted, like 

 the growth-rings of a tree as seen on a stump. Apparently a sud- 

 den coming on of cold reduces the surface temperature greatly 

 without allowing much chance for convection and the water under 

 the ice continues tolerably warm all winter. The large lake was 

 very slow in freezing over, and a few holes remained open quite 

 late, being kept open by winds and by the flocks of ducks which 

 congregated there in great numbers. 



Ice on Lake Maxinkuckee: — The earliest appearance of ice as 

 noted in our records was on October 12, 1907, when ice was ob- 

 served on boards in low places. This was evidently merely frozen 

 dew. On the 22d, ice was seen on Green's marsh and on the boat 

 slip at Outlet Bay. This was observed again on the 23d, 27th, 28th 

 and 29th. In 1906, on October 31, ice was seen in a leaky boat and 

 along the south shore in shallow quiet water. These are our only 

 October records. 



For November, in 1899, the first ice was noted on the 12th, 

 when it remained all day in favorable places. In November, 1900, 

 there was a thin fringe along the shore on the 14th, and on the 

 16th it was frozen out from shore about 4 feet. On the 30th there 

 was a fringe along the south shore, i to ^ inch thick and extending 

 out usually 10 to 30 feet. Just west of Norris Inlet two broad 

 points ran out about 200 feet. From this and subsequent obser- 

 vations it is believed that it is on that part of the lake that perma- 

 nent ice first forms. In 1902, the first freeze was on November 

 25. In 1904, ice was first noted on November 6, and on the 11th 

 and 21st there was some along the south shore of Outlet Bay, re- 

 maining in the boat slip all day. On the 13th, 14th and 16th it 

 was on the boat slip all day; on the 17th there was a thin skirt 

 along the shore, and a little appeared each morning thereafter until 

 the 27th when there was a good deal off the ice houses and in simi- 

 lar situations. On the 28th ice skirted the shore pretty generally, 

 but not far out. In 1898, in December, the ice was one inch thick 

 all over the lake except at the Deep Hole ; on the 8th and 9th it was 

 all over the lake and 3 inches thick, and on the 14th it was frozen 

 solid and 7.5 inches thick. 



In 1899, in December, it was 1.25 inches thick on the 26th along 

 shore. In December, 1900, on the 10th ice extended out about 50 

 feet from the end of the Chadwick pier, and about 200 feet out 

 on east side of Long Point. At many places there was only a 

 narrow irregular fringe, with occasional air holes. In places the 



