130 Lake Maxinkuckee, Physical and Biological Survey 



originally a level flat area much like a lake-plain across the road 

 at the mouth of Culver Creek which was densely overgrown with 

 the chair-maker's rush (S. americanus) but these have disappeared 

 and the area is now a flat meadow. 



Low woodlands are represented only by a small area at the 

 mouth of Overmyer's Creek, and the most prominent characteristic 

 of this is the abundance of swamp ash. 



The upland clay woodland is modified in many places by clearing 

 and cultivation, a characteristic of it being the presence of the 

 shellbark hickory which is generally replaced on more sandy areas 

 by the small fruited hickory, Hicoria niicrocarpa. A clump of red- 

 bud, Cercis canadensis, the only patch about the lake, is found in 

 this soil back of Van Schoiack's. In other respects it is much like 

 the other upland forest. 



The high gravelly sandy woodland is represented by the Long 

 Point forest. This, being near the base of operations, was studied 

 in some detail. The trees were rather scattered and clumpy. 

 Within an area of 4 square rods chosen as typical there were 4 trees 

 of Quercus velutina or black oak, 5 trees of Hicoria microcarpa or 

 small fruited hickory, and 5 trees of white oak. The largest tree 

 within this area was a black oak a foot in diameter, and the small- 

 est a hickory 3.1 inches in diameter. The trees averaged 6 inches 

 in diameter. There were a few scattered sycamore and willow 

 along shore, and large-toothed poplar, Poptdus grandidentata, and 

 occasional elms. The herbage consisted of only a few scattered 

 spears of grass and much scattered elm-leaved goldenrod. Much 

 of Long Point had been cleared off so that the original forest was 

 gone. Green's woods near Lost Lake, a continuation of the same 

 but perhaps a trifle more sandy, contains numerous patches of 

 moss near its edges, and usually plenty of scattered toadstools and 

 occasional Indian pipes in the rich woods mould. 



The almost pure sand woodland is exemplified in the forest on 

 Long Point. This is chiefly of small black oak and contains very 

 little or no herbage. The accumulated leaf fall of years has not 

 decayed, but the crisp, dry leaves even in mid-summer lie as thick 

 and rustling as they do in most woodlands in autumn, and in the 

 exceeding dryness of the forest floor it reminds one of the dry pine- 

 needles that carpet a pine forest. 



The upland loamy woodland, exemplified by Culver's wood, con- 

 sists of an exceedingly rich black sandy loam surface soil with a 

 magnificent forest of immense tulip-trees, sugar, black and white 

 walnut, beech, coffee-nut, bitter-nut, red oak, elm, white oak, chest- 



