WESTBURY STATION, N. Y. 



11 



Comparative Chart 



RESULTS ON LONG ISLAND 



LESSONS FOR LONG ISLAND 



Trees do not often die from too wet soil on Long 

 Island. It suffers less from long drought than regions 

 with clay soil, because a porous soil contains capillary 

 water which comes up from the subsoil. 



Increase the moisture-holding power by adding hu- 

 mus, by stable manure, plowing under crimson and 

 red clover, or rye. 



Where water-table is over 15 feet deep, trees depend 

 on rain and moisture held in the surface soil and ad- 

 jacent subsoil. 



Where the water-table is less than 15 feet deep, newly 

 planted trees may suffer, but older trees reach the 

 water. 



Therefore, if full beauty is expected, do not plant elm 

 trees unless there is 2 feet of good soil, and water is 

 applied during drought. 



Moisture-loving trees may be planted, but should be 

 helped to start by deep soil preparation to encourage 

 the roots downward. Plant red maple, beech, catalpa, 

 elm, linden, liquidambar, tulip, magnolia, oaks, pep- 

 peridge, plane tree, willows, etc. The valleys in the 

 plains are near water, but are very gravelly and poor. 

 They need deeper soil, humus and fertilizer. 



Around these ponds grow pin-oak, sweet gum, pep- 

 peridge, red maple, because they can stand inunda- 

 tion. They w;ill also grow on upland. Trees reaching 

 the land springs often grow with unexpected vigor. 

 Plants and animals requiring permanent supply of 

 water cannot exist around the ponds that dry up in 

 summer. 



Elm trees may be planted and require fertilizer con- 

 taining potash. If the surroundings are malarious, 

 drain these ponds, or maintain them and stock with fish. 



White pine is native to these gravel slopes. Else- 

 where competition crowds it out. 



Plant pine groves. As a ground cover, Dwarf or 

 Mugho pine and flat juniper are cheaper and more 

 successful than grass. 



A wide variety of trees grow successfully and de- 

 velop into beautiful specimens. It is favorable for 

 stock-farming and fruit-growing. 



Occasionally ponds are formed. 

 Hemlock occasional. 



Locust abundant. 



Above such clay strata, springs occur in narrow, 

 sheltered valleys. 



In such places immense black walnuts are found. 

 In the dells and ravines plant, in addition to the hardy 

 trees, the choicer plants that thrive better than in the 

 center of the island, as English yew, English holly, 

 Magnolia grandiflora, osmanthus, Andromeda Ja- 

 ponica, Azalea amazna, Euonymus Japonica, Chinese 

 trumpet creeper (Bignonia grandiflora}, tea roses, 

 jessamine, chimnonanthus, acuba, evergreen ferns, box- 

 wood, English walnut. 



When clover is not grown the land is soon impover- 

 ished and judged poor. Trees make only 20 per cent 

 of the growth that is possible if they are supplied with 

 more food, and the planter is discouraged from devel- 

 oping the highest beauty possible. 



Plant clover and plow under for manure. Sow white 

 clover in lawns. Use plants of this family for sterile 

 sand banks and fertilize with potash and bone. Inocu- 

 late the soil with bacteria, which grow in the root tub- 

 ercles of the leguminous family and gather nitrogen from 

 the air. Apply nitrate of soda in small quantities, one 

 teaspoonful per square yard in April and June, or apply 

 nitrogen in slower and cheaper form for trees, as nair- 

 manure from Cooper's Glue Factory, or fertilizer con- 

 taining fish or tankage. 



Trees and grass make rapid growth with bone. Bone 

 or South Carolina rock dissolved in sulphuric acid is 

 used for vegetables. The original supply of available 

 phosphoric acid is mostly exhausted in long cultivated 

 land. Abundant phosphoric acid and potash induce 

 fruitfulness and hardiness. 



Use bone in planting trees and for lawn, and dissolved 

 bone or South Carolina rock for vegetables. 



Fruit trees, especially peach, require potash. Apples 

 grow best on glacial hills containing potash-bearing 

 rocks. The fertility of some Long Island fields has 

 been shipped to New York in crops for many years, 

 without replenishing the land, and some fields are now 

 abandoned. 



Apply potash or Canadian unleached hard-wood 

 ashes, or fertilizers containing 4 to 8 per cent of potash. 

 Apply at least once a year. Grow evergreens, as they 

 require less potash than hard-wood deciduous trees. 



