266 



ALLEN: NEW ENGLAND WHALEBONE WHALES. 



Name. 

 Longissimus dorsi 



Sacrolumbalis and 'splenius 



capitis 

 Levator caudae 



Depressor caudae major 

 Depressor caudae minor 



Origin. 

 Tendinous from neural arches of cau- 



dals to tip of tail 

 Same origin, external to last, small 



Upper surface of transverse processes 



of lumbars and anterior caudals 

 Lower surface of transverse processes 



and centra of all lumbars and caudals 



and chevron bones 

 Below and external to last, from lower 



surfaces of caudals 



Insertion. 

 External ridge of occipital bone 



Posterior portion of mastoid process 



By 8 tendons into sides of last caudals 



and flukes 

 Lower surfaces and sides of caudal 



vertebrae and flukes 



Posteriormost caudals and flukes 



Deltoid 

 Teres major 



Supraspinatus 



Infraspinatus 

 Subscapularis 

 Coracobrachialis 



Flexors of forearm lacking 

 Triceps 



Extensor digitorum coin- 

 mums 

 Flexor carpi radialis 



Flexor digitorum communis 

 Palmaris longus 

 Flexor carpi ulnaris 



Shoulder and Limb Muscles. 



Upper outer half of scapula 

 Lower border of scapula 



Acromion and vertebral border of 



scapula under deltoid 

 Lower half of top of scapula 

 Entire inner surface of scapula 

 Apex and front of coracoid process 



Three heads: (1) inner neck of scapula 



(2) middle of upper and posterior edge 

 of humerus 



(3) posterior edge of humerus below 

 head 



Heads of radius and ulna, and inter- 

 osseous space 

 Anterior surface of humeral end of 



radius 



Olecranon and inner edge of humerus 

 Delicate, from cartilaginous olecranon 

 Strongest, inner surface of olecranon 



By tendon into head of humerus 

 Anterior and inner surface of neck of 



humerus 

 Ridge on outer side of humerus head 



Upper outer part of humerus head 

 Tendinous, into front of humerus head 

 Anterior and inner part of humerus 

 head 



End of cartilaginous olecranon 

 Just anterior to (1) 



Anteriormost part of cartilaginous 



olecranon 

 By 4 tendons, 1 to each digit 



By tendon into base of metacarpal 1 



By 4 tendons, one to each digit 

 Metacarpal of digit 4 and palmar fascia 

 Inner side of metacarpal 4 



Four sets of muscles operate to open and close the nostrils. Of these the most superficial 

 (dilator nans) extends along the whole side of the snout and by its contraction pulls the nostril 

 open. A deeper muscle draws it together again. The jaw muscles are poorly developed in 

 comparison with those of a carnivorous land mammal, but suffice to open and close the great 

 mouth. The broad mylohyoid serves by its expansion and contraction to extend and com- 

 press the bag-like throat so that large quantities of water containing the whale's food are en- 

 gulfed within the mouth, when by the contraction of the bag, and the raising of the tongue, 

 the water is expelled along the great gutters at the corners of the mouth, leaving the food 

 against the tongue and the sieve of frayed bristles of the whalebone. The most notable of the 



