232 Forty-third Report on -the State Museum. 



Sciotoville, Ohio; S. alta, from the Chemung, and in S. randalli, from 

 the Waverly of Pennsylvania. 



Sybingothtris Carteri. Hall's sp. 



Spirifer carteri. Hall, 1857. Tenth Rep. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 170. 



Spirifer carteri (partlm). Meek, 1875. Pal. Ohio, vol. 2, p. 285 (not his 

 figures = S. texta, Hall). 



Spirifer (Cyrtia ?) hannibalensis, Swallow, 1860. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 

 Sci., vol. 1, p. 647. 



Spirifer cuspidatus ? Meek ,1877. U. S. Geol. Expl., 40 Parallel, vol. 4, p. 87, 

 pi. 3, fig. 11 (non Martin). 



Syringotkyris cuspidatus, Walcott, 1884. Pal., Eureka Dist., p. 219 (non 

 Martin). 



Syringotkyris cuspidatus (partim), Herrick, 1888. Bull. Denison Univ., 

 vol. 3. p. 41, pi. 1, fig. 7 ; pi. 2. fig. 17 (not pi. 5, figs. 4-7 = S. herricld n. sp). 



Syringotkyris ^ypa.Winchell, 1863. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., vol. 15, p. 7. 



Syringotkyris typa,Winchel\, 1870. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, vol. 12, p. 252. 



For syn. of S. cuspidata. See Davidson, Mon. Brit. Carb. Brach. 1857. 



Spirifer carteri, Hall, has required considerable study on my part to 

 properly understand its generic relations. This has been caused by 

 the poor preservation and crushed condition of the specimens. I 

 have seen nearly 100 individuals, including the tyj)es in the Ameri- 

 'can Museum of Natural History in New York City, and know of but 

 two specimens that have both valves in articulation. The best pre- 

 served individuals have been kindly loaned me by Prof. W. G. Tight, of 

 Denison University, Granville, Ohio. The two entire specimens show 

 that one has a strongly arched area, due to pressure, and the other, a 

 medium-sized specimen, a very high and almost flat area, measuring 

 an inch and one-quarter in height. Neither of these specimens shows 

 the characteristic transverse plate of Winchell's genus. In seven 

 separated' ventral valves, however, I have seen the canaliferous plate 

 and the pointed extension well developed, so that there can be no 

 doubt about Spirifer carteri being a true Syringothyris. One specimen 

 has shown the peculiar surface markings indicating that the shell was 

 originally punctate. 



The variation of the height and curvature of the area of ventral 

 valves is very great, and it is difficult to procure specimens free from 

 compression. Prof. Herrick, who has collected several hundred 

 specimens of this species, writes me that "the ventral area is very rarely 

 preserved, and seems absent or small, in many cases, when it really 

 was very large." Comparing the best specimens of S. carteri with 

 S. typa or S. hannibalensis, I can see no differences, other than those 

 due to the sediments or preservation, insufficient to separate them as 

 distinct species. As Prof. Hall's species was published six years 



