Al'l'KNDlV. 207 



In Xenoplion, and the cailinr Greek writers, we do not trace 

 more than a twofold division into pugnaces and sagaccs ; the 

 varieties of the latter class differing, perhaps, amongst themselves 

 in degrees of swiftness. Indeed, that they did so is evident from 

 what Socrates remarks of the sagacity and speed of different indi- 

 viduals of the race, in the well-known interview with the beautiful, 

 meretricious Theodota : — on be /iefl' iinepav aTrobibpn(TKov(nv ol Xayios Xenoplion, 

 ciXXas KTwyrai Kvias, aini'es, rj ay eK rf]S vofifis els rriv evyfiv aireXdum, «^inof- • "•• 

 Tj; oafifj aiadavofieyai, evptUKOvmy avrovs' on he TTobuiKCis eialv, u'xrre 

 Kal eK Tov (havepov Tpe^oyres airo(j)evyeiv, fiXXas av Kvvas ra-^elai na- 

 paffKevd^ovrai, Hva kutu nobas aXicnciovrai. The swift-footed of this 

 passage must not be interpreted as the celeres of our third class, 

 which will be found to contain only the Vertragus of Arrian ; — on 

 whose authority it is affirmed that the greyhound was unknown in 

 Greece in the days of the Socratic Xenophon. Probably, they 

 were the most speedy of the Canes Laconici, to which the philosopher 

 alludes — the daaffoves avpacov Kvvoffovpibes of Callimachus. H. in Dianam. 



In accordance with the distinctions pointed out in the classical 

 kennels is the threefold character of ancient hunting : but as coursing 

 properly so called, (the third variety of chase peculiar to the Vide Jani 



^j , „,.,.. . • 1 1 • Vlitii Venat. 



Vertragus), was or late introduction in comparison with hunting, Novantiq. 

 the two grand divisions of the sports of the field may be considered 

 as primarily founded on the twofold distinction of canes pugnaces 

 or hellicosi, and canes sagaces ; and by Gratius, under the terms 

 arma and artes, both are vividly depicted. 



"■ The one," says Christopher Wase, " is a desperate and gla- Certaine 



T ,-1 • , 1- • 1 , 1 1 • ,1 Illustrations 



diator-nke entering the lists w^ith beasts, and assaulting them by of the Cvneg. 



violence; which was the school of cruelty and ignorant course of ^ ,.'"'"^°.„ 



'' ° Uratius. p. 1/. 



ancient Nimrods : the other a crafty circumventing them by wiles, 

 which is the child of ingenious invention, much assisting man to re- 

 establish him in his empire over the beasts of the field, that hath 

 been so much empayred." Then, again, he observes, " the mag- 

 num opus is bold and hazardous hunting of great beasts, and leve 

 opus is hard-riding and pursuit of little fugacious quarry." 



It was left to the courser of Nicomedia, the Bithynian Xenophon, 

 to place on record in his supplementary Cynegeticus, and to illus- 

 trate from his personal experience, the third variety of chase with 

 dogs peculiar to Celtica ; — which we have designated as forming a 



