92 SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE. 



Classification treats of the proper grouping and arrangement 

 of plants according to their natural affinities and characters. 



Special descriptive botany consists in applying correctly the 

 generic and specific botanical names to parts. 



Glossology consists in the explanation and application of 

 names to all the various organs of plants. 



Geographical botany treats of the climate, country, zone 

 and locality to which the various species belong. 



Finally, botany comprehends, in its most extended sense, a 

 knowledge of the relations of the vegetable kingdom to other 

 departments of natural objects, and the development of the 

 limitless resources of this part of the CREATOR'S vast plan for 

 the sustenance and happiness of his creatures. 



PRIMARY DIVISIONS OF PLANTS. 



The vegetable kingdom is divided into two great natural 

 families, viz : PHENOGAMIA, or that division which includes all 

 flowering plants, and CRYPTOGAMIA, or that which includes all 

 floioerless plants. 



These two divisions are further distinguished by the dif- 

 ference in their elementary structure. The phenogamous, or 

 flowering plants, abound with the woody and vascular tissues ; 

 while the cryptogamous, or flowerless plants, consist almost 

 entirely of the cellular tissue. The phenogamia produce seeds 

 having the cotyledon and embryo, while the cryptogamia 

 produce minute organs called spores, having no such distinc- 

 tion of organs. The phenogamia are therefore called cotyle- 

 donous, and the cryptogamia, acotyledonous. In the former, 

 also, we find a system of compound organs, regularly and suc- 

 cessively developed, in the order of root, stem, leaf, flower and 

 seed, while the latter appear to be "simple expansions of 

 cellular tissue, without order, symmetry or proportion." 



CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



All natural sciences classify their respective objects under 



