Scientific Sophisms. 1 1 1 



Remak first extended the use of the term pro- 

 toplasm from the layer which bore that name in 

 the vegetable cell to the analogous element in 

 the animal cell ; but " it was Max Schultze, in 

 particular, who by applying the name to the 

 intracellular matrix, or contained matter, when 

 divested of membrane, and by identifying this 

 substance itself with sarcode, first fairly estab- 

 lished protoplasm, name and thing, in its 

 present position." 



In England, however, it is Professor Huxley 

 who, by his brilliant and well-known Essay on 

 this subject in the Fortnightly Review for Feb- 

 ruary, 1869, has acquired a prominence, though 

 by no means a pre-eminence, all his own. Tak- 

 ing for his theme the " Physical Basis of Life," 

 and treading in the track of that " host of in- 

 vestigators " of whom he tells us that they 

 "have accumulated evidence, morphological, 

 physiological, and chemical," in favour of that 

 " immense unite de composition elementaire 

 dans tous les corps vivants de la nature," of 

 which Payen wrote so clearly nearly thirty-five 

 years ago ; he combats " the widely-spread 

 conception of life as a something which works 

 through matter, but is independent of it"; 

 and affirms, on the contrary, " that matter and 

 life are inseparably connected, and that there is 



