260 Anima Mundi. 



comparison. Life, as we have seen, 1 is not the 

 offspring of protoplasm, but something which 

 has been superinduced upon, and may be separ- 

 ated from the protoplasm that serves as its 

 material basis. It is therefore distinct from the 

 matter which it animates, and, being thus im- 

 material, cannot possibly become better known 

 by any analysis of matter." 8 



9. " In every living thing there are physico- 

 chemical actions, which also occur out of the 

 body, and vital actions. These last, however, 

 are peculiar to living beings, and cannot be 

 imitated. In galvanic batteries, and in other 

 arrangements made by man, we may have phy- 

 sico-chemical actions, but never anything at all 

 like vital actions? The physicist "seems to 

 think that pabulum goes into a living thing and 

 becomes changed chemically, just as it may be 

 changed in his laboratory, and the results of 

 this change are work, and certain compounds 

 which are got rid of. In all this, the living 

 matter which is absolutely essential in every 

 one of these changes without which not one of 

 them could occur, or even be conceived as occur- 

 ring in thought, is persistently ignored." " But 

 although the new schools hold it absurd to 



1 Vide ante, pp. 119, 120. 



1 Thornton, " Old Fashioned Ethics," pp. 168 et seq. 



