298 Appendix. 



most ardent admirers, maintain at the same time and not 

 less strenuously, that the facts in relation to that theory 

 are altogether inexplicable, apart from the recognition of 

 an Intelligent Designer, a presiding Mind, a Universal 

 Power, creative, formative, sustaining. 



Thus, for instance, Mr. 'Thornton, while eulogizing what 

 he calls "the soundness of all the main and really essential 

 principles of Darwinism," exposes with just severity the 

 incompetence and inadequacy of the theories adopted 

 and necessarily adopted by those Ideologists who reject 

 teleology. 



When Mr. Darwin attempts to account for Instinct by 

 hypothecating the accumulation of slight variations from 

 a primordial type "variations produced by the same un- 

 known causes as those which produce slight deviations of 

 bodily structure," Mr. Thornton replies : " But here I am 

 once more compelled to join issue with him. Of the 

 causes which he styles unknown, I maintain that we know 

 at least thus much either they are themselves intelligent 

 forces, or they are forces acting under intelligent direction ; 

 and. in support of this proposition I need not perhaps do 

 more than show from Mr. Darwin's example what infinitely 

 harder things must be accepted by those who decline to 

 accept this." 



Having done this most elaborately, and conceded the 

 long list of "admissions" for which " not a little liberality 

 is required," he thus concludes : 



" Let us, however, liberally waive this and all similar objections, 

 and assume a community of hive bees to have been, in the utterly 

 unaccountable manner indicated by the term spontaneous variation, 

 developed from a meliponish stock. Unfortunately, all our liberality 

 will be found to have been thrown away without perceptibly simpli- 

 fying the problem to be solved. For whatever be among meliponae 

 the distribution of the generative capacities, among hive bees, at any 

 rate, all workers are sterile neuters, which never have any offspring 

 to whom to bequeath their cell-making skill, while the queen-bee and 

 drones, which alone can become parents, have no such, skill to be- 



