DISEASES OF ANIMALS 167 



Infection After De-horning. 



One of my dehorned cows is sick with foamy and bloody matter, 

 running from the holes of the horns. I would like to know what 

 is best to do for her. 



Your cow's stubs have become infected. Thoroughly syringe out the 

 holes twice a day with the following: Liquor Cresolis Compositus 2% 

 drachms, water 1 pint. Cover all stubs after dehorning with Stockholm 

 tar, which is protective and antiseptic. 



Symptoms of Tuberculosis. 



About a month ago my five-months heifer had a bad cough that came on 

 in spells during which she had a hard time to get her breath; her mouth 

 would fill up with phlegm or saliva. The cough is hollow and deep and. 

 as I have fed her some hay containing foxtail grass, wondered if she* 

 could have got one into her lungs. Her general health seems fair, 

 appetite fair, etc.; only recently she seems to be getting dull and at 

 little poor. 



This cow should be tested for tuberculosis. 



A Case of Anthrax. 



A neighbor of mine lost a cow suddenly a 'few days ago. He cuf 

 the carcass open to see what was the matter, and found the spleen terribly 

 swollen twice its natural size, the lungs swelled almost to bursting, 

 the intestines covered with some loose matter that he could scrape off 1 

 with his knife, as if the surface of the intestines were rotting or getting 

 dissolved in some peculiar way. Every organ was affected in some 

 way, too large or inflamed or peculiarly colored. Can it be anthrax T 

 There is no swamp on his farm. 



The cow died of anthrax. Although your description of post- 

 mortem appearances is not absolutely characteristic, still it is typical 

 enough to warrant this diagnosis. Have him vaccinate the rest of his 

 herd immediately. However, do not vaccinate any of his sick animals, or 

 those showing symptoms, such as high fever, as vaccination will not save 

 them. Separate all sick from healthy animals, and disinfect barns. It is 

 not necessary to have swampy ground to have land infected with anthrax. 



Occurrence of Anthrax. 



You say that prevention of anthrax "consists of vaccination before 

 the period or time at which it usually breaks out." Does this imply 

 that after this disease has once appeared in a place, it remains, so that 

 we may expect a new outbreak every year? 



Once soil becomes infected with anthrax it stays for an indefinite 

 period of years. However, cattle may graze on infected premises during 

 winter and spring without becoming infected, as the disease does not 

 usually break out till summer or fall. Thus by vaccinating them in late 

 spring, they become immune before the time the disease usually breaks 



