200 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE 



on the whole badly managed and unprofitable. The average 

 cow ate 2 \ acres of grass, and the rent of this with labour and 

 other expenses made the cost 5 a year per cow, and its 

 average produce was not worth more than .5 6s. $d. 1 This 

 scanty profit was due to the fact that few farmers used roots, 

 cabbages, Sec., for their cows, and to their wrong management 

 of pigs, kept on the surplus dairy food. By good management 

 the nett return could be made as much as 4 i$s. od. per cow. 



The management of sheep in the north of England was 

 wretched. In Northumberland the profit was reckoned at is. 

 a head, partly derived from cheese made from ewes' milk. 

 The fleeces averaged 2 lb., and the wool was so bad as not to 

 be worth more than 3^. or ^d. per lb. 2 



Pigs could be made to pay well, as the following account 

 testifies : 



Food and produce of a sow in one year (1763), which produced seven 

 pigs in April and eleven in October: 



DR. s. d. 



Grains .... 10 4 



Cutting a litter . i 6 



5 quarters peas . .520 



10 bushels barley . .100 



Expenses in selling s . n 6 



10 bushels peas . .163 



II 7 



CR. s. d. 



A pig . . . . 23 



A fat hog . . .190 

 Another, 1 10 lb. weight. i 12 9 

 116 .200 

 Heads .... 53 



3 fat hogs . . .670 

 i fat hog . . .200 

 10 young pigs . 4 16 6 



12 9 

 8 ii 7 



Profit \o i 2 



We have seen that Young thought little of the ' new hus- 

 bandry ' ; he does not even give Tull the credit of inventing the 

 drill : ' Mr. Tull perhaps again invented it. He practised it 



1 Northern Tour, iv. 167. a Ibid. iv. 186. 



3 This large item is explained by the fact that a bailiff was employed 

 to sell, and no bailiff could find customers 'without feeling the same 

 drought as stage coachmen when they see a sign '. Young, Farmer's 

 Letters, p. 403. 



