CHAPTER XXII 



IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. LIVE STOCK 



IT is a curious fact that the barriers which protected the 

 British farmer were thrown down shortly before he became 

 by unforeseen causes exposed to the competition of the whole 

 world. Down to 1846 Germany supplied more than half the 

 wheat that was imported into England, Denmark sent more 

 than Russia, and the United States hardly any. Other com- 

 petitors who have since arisen were then unknown. By the 

 end of the next decade Russia and the United States sent 

 large quantities, as may be gathered from the following table 1 : 



ANNUAL AVERAGE IMPORTS OF WHEAT AND FLOUR FOR 

 THE SEVEN YEARS 1859-1865. 



Cwt. 



Russia 5>35,86i 



Denmark and the Duchies .... 969,890 

 Germany . . . . , . . 6,358,229 

 France . . . ..." ; 3,828,691 



Spain 33I.463 



Wallachia and Moldavia .... 295,475 

 Turkish dominions, not otherwise specified . 528,568 



Egypt 1,423,193 



Canada. . 2,223,809 



United States 10,080,911 



Other countries 1,036,968 



In the years 1871-5 the United States held the first place, 

 Russia came next, and Germany third with only about one- 

 sixth of the American imports, and Canada was running 



1 M c Culloch, Commercial Dictionary (1882), p. 449. 

 Y 2 



