i8 



(fagus silvatica), lime (tilia parvifolia), alder (alnus glutinosa et in- 

 cana), asp (populus tremula) and several others. 



Considering the northerly situation of the country, the forests extend 

 to a great height above the sea-level. In the Eastland the conifers 

 extend up to 900 metres above the sea-level, while foliferous tres (birch) 

 extend 200 or 300 metres higher. 



The conditions of working are to a considerable degree facilitated 

 by the long winter, with its settled weather and good conditions for 

 transport, and by the many water-courses suitable for floatage of timber. 

 The working of the forests must therefore, in spite of the mountainous 

 nature of the country, be described as being easy. Thanks to the great 

 extent of the forest area, a comparatively large number of workers 

 can be kept in employment on the land during the whole year, seeing 

 that the work in the woods proceeds chiefly in winter, whilst the summer 

 is the busiest time for agriculture. 



The output of the forests far exceeds the country's own requirements 

 and there is therefore a large export of timber and other products of 

 the forests, especially woodpulp and paper. 



In the last few years the export of timber has risen to about 1,300,000 

 cubic metres per year, of woodpulp to about 700,000 tons and of paper 

 and cardboard to about 200,000 tons. There are in existence 119 wood- 

 pulp-mills, some of which are very large, and a very large number of 

 sawmills and planing-mills. 



The main part of the forests are in private ownership, namely, about 

 84 %, of which 48 % belong to the farmers, while 36 % are worked 

 without connection with agriculture. About 16 % belong to the State 

 and other official or semi-official institutions. 



