"iXiith reference to the Failure of forced Graj^es. 255 



On the 10th of March, the unprotected vine began a fresh 

 vegetation at 6 in. from the soil; on the ]2lh, a fine, strong 

 shoot came out at 4 in. from the soil; on the 15th, the roots 

 began to send out fine, white, fresh fibres all around the ball 

 as well as at the surface of the soil. The new shoot made 

 rapid progress, but the top never recovered, nor made any 

 fresh shoots all summer. 



I had to destroy a largish grove of birch and other trees to 

 make room for a plantation of evergreens, which gave me an 

 opportunity to repeat the experiments on them. I examined 

 them every day ; and, on the 7th of April, I found the buds at 

 the extremities of the shoots just beginning to open. On the 

 8th, I cut off the extremities of two branches to about half an 

 inch in diameter, near the tops of two trees (which were about 

 25 ft. high), and put the remaining branch ends into two 

 glass bottles, which I left suspended there ; the branches bled 

 freely into the bottles. At the same time I wounded several 

 side shoots in various places, as well as the trunks from the 

 tops to the ground, at 2, 3, or 4 ft. distance. I then cut some 

 trees down to see if I could detect sap or air rising from the 

 root-stumps, but I found them quite dry, they would not soil 

 fine white paper which I applied to them. I then made two 

 of them very smooth, and anointed one over the surface with 

 fine size of wheat flour, which set fast and dried on. The 

 other was covei'ed over with fine, prepared, red clay paste. 

 I opened the ground, and wounded some strong roots, and 

 tracing the fine fibrous roots to the end found them brown 

 and torpid. On the 9th, the bottles contained a good deal 

 of sap, and the branches and tops of the trees oozed a little. 

 On the 10th, the bottles were nearly as full as the oblique posi- 

 tion they were of necessity placed in would allow ; they were 

 taken down and replaced Isy others. This sap was remarkably 

 limpid, and seemingly contained a kind of fixed air by the 

 crackling hissing noise it made, though no effervescence could 

 be seen in a clear glass phial. By the appearance of the sized 

 and clayed stumps (under a pocket microscope of 2-in. power), 

 the medulla and alburnum rather absorbed than raised the ap- 

 plications. 



On the 11th, the branch ends had stopped bleeding; the 

 bottles contained a little sap, which was thick and muddy, 

 and had no crackling nor hissing noise. The trees now 

 exuded nearly halfway down. 



On the 12th, there was no alteration in the stumps or 

 trees felled this day ; the bleeding had descended 5 ft. 6 in. 

 in twenty-four hours. 



On the 13th, the progress of the sap was the same, and no 

 alteration in the stumps or felled trees this day. On the 



