Bise and Pivgress of Gardening in Bavaria. 385 



have been unknown at that time, for Tacian says, c. 2. " inti 

 twi?i noh cidiri trinlcitP 



That Bavaria was indebted to the Romans for the cherry, 

 plum, and pear, may be considered probable, from the circum- 

 stance of these trees bearing the Roman names. The apple, on 

 the contrary, is from our native woods. 



Charlemagne [anno 800] considerably advanced gardening 

 and the rearing of fruit trees. 



In every century of the history of the country are found no- 

 tices respecting horticulture and the cultivation of fruit. Two 

 sorts of leeks (poree) were known in the beginning of the 

 fourteenth century, Porrus porritns and Porrus major. Sage, 

 rue, yffen^ penny-royal, haj)S^ capinis, the poppy, and the 

 horseradish, were called olcres, as distinguishetl from the 

 legumes. 



In 1209, culinary plants and tree fruits were not subject to 

 tithing ; and in Augsburg thieving in gardens was severely 

 punished. 



From this time forward the whole practice of gardening was 

 raised from its degraded state, and so much so, that not a vil- 

 lage or parish could be found that did not possess fruit trees, 

 sometimes even of the rarest kind. Wurtzburg, Bamberg, 

 and Nurnberg were long since famous for the high degree of 

 cultivation they presented. Munich and Nymphenburg pos- 

 sess good forcing establishments, and excellent fruit and legu- 

 minous plants. 



In the advancement of gardening, and the rearing of fruit 

 trees, considerable merit is due to Maximilian III., and his 

 successor, Charles Theodore. King Maximilian I. was the 

 founder of a new and splendid epoch in theoretical horticul- 

 ture and landscape-gardening. Lewis I., who afterwards suc- 

 ceeded to the crown, carefully supports the works of his father, 

 and anxiously endeavours to turn his kingdom into one bloom- 

 ing and prosperous fruit- garden. We are thus at present in 

 the expectation of a favourable issue, and we feel a conviction 

 that his persevering zeal wiir accomplish this great deside- 

 ratum, to which the two royal nurseries at Munich and Wey- 

 henstephan not only powerfully contribute by their ample 

 supplies of trees, but also by producing well-instructed gar- 

 deners to introduce into the country the science of pomology, 

 at present but too little understood. 



The Royal Nttrsery at Munich is divided into two equal 

 portions, and extends from the south-west to the north-east, in 

 length 2835 yards of Bavarian measure, towards the village of 

 Schwabing ; it contains a surface of 1 1 Bavarian acz'es or day's 



Vol. v. — No. 21. cc 



