large Trees and Shrubs. SI 



formed, and capable of sustaining much rough usage ; but 

 the tree remains to be removed from the hole. 



Pass under the hoop two strong iron rods or levers, paral- 

 lel to each other, and of length sufficient to allow of their pro- 

 jecting at each end 12 or 14<in. beyond the ball, so that two 

 or more men may have ample room to lay hold of them, and 

 bear the tree and ball as on a barrow to its destined habita- 

 tion, or to a cart or other conveyance. 



The roots that penetrate deeper than the b tom of the 

 ball must necessarily be cut, but such as project laterally may 

 easily be preserved. 



When planting the tree, do not remove any part of the 

 apparatus prematurely. The screw of the hoop can still be 

 loosened, and the bottom rods withdrawn, after some earth 

 has been put into the pit ; and on no account disturb any of 

 the perpendicular rods till the planting is entirely finished. I 

 have sustained injury from officious assistants showing their 

 activity at this period of the opei'ation. 



To preserve continuity and simplicity of description, some 

 essential items have hitherto been omitted. 



1. It is nearly impossible for even an expert workman 

 to thrust the iron rods perpendicularly down without some 

 guide ; and, miless they are accurately placed, the hoop can- 

 not be applied at the bottom so as to preserve the ball 

 entire. A guide therefore becomes necessary, and the best 

 is to have each semicircle composed of two parallel plates, 

 5 or 6 in. distant, one above the other, firmly joined by inter- 

 mediate pillars or supports ; the holes accurately correspond- 

 ing, so that any pin or rod passing through both plates, must 

 necessarily be at right angles to their plane. {Jig. 5.) The 

 support thus afforded to the upper ends of the rods by the 

 double plates enables them to bear the pressure of the screwed 

 hoop without injuriously bearing upon the included ball of 

 earth. From this reasoning will also appear the necessity of 

 having the iron plates of sufficient strength or thickness, so 

 as not readily to bend or yield to slight pressure. 



2. It has already been mentioned that the hoop, which re- 

 tains the lower ends of the perpendicular rods, is pierced with 

 holes to receive the horizontal rods, which form the bottom of 

 the basket. It remains now to be added that the part of the 

 hoop in which such holes are situated should be double, like 

 the horizontal plate used on the surface, having corresponding 

 holes in such parallel appendage, so as to guide the rods in 

 the proper direction, in order that their points may come out 

 just above the opposite side of the hoop. (See^^-. 6.) 



Any embarrassment which may occur in using the machine 



