Diseases of Fridi Trees i7i America. S19 



As to our tariff laws, the paper which you hold in your hand 

 is of American manufacture ; it costs 5 dollars per ream, and 

 there is no duty upon its manufacture. Here, within 40 miles 

 of the Atlantic waters, and within ten of a navigable river, 

 2!ea Mays (Indian corn) may be bought in any quantity at 

 SO cents per bushel. Sixteen bushels and two thirds of 

 corn will only buy a ream of coarse paper ! O that the tariff 

 and corn laws were with the errors which gave them exist- 

 ence ! Here public opinion is fast gaining upon the protection 

 policy^ as it is called, and the tariff must ere long give way. Is 

 it so with regard to the corn laws in England ? I have a set 

 of your works, the perusal of which has afforded me much 

 pleasure. I trust the liberal opinions you have frequently 

 advanced upon these subjects are held by many in your 

 country. I hope we will live to see the day when England 

 and America will act in accordance with their real interests. 



Yours, &c. 

 Yorh^ Pennsylvania^ May I. 1830. J. L. 



Art. XXII. On the Diseases of Fruit Trees in America. 

 By Jesse Buel, Esq. 



Sir, 



Our fruit trees are subject to some diseases, which do not 

 seem to trouble the European gardener and orchardist. I 

 shall notice a few of them, in the hope that you, or some of 

 your correspondents, may aid us in discovering the cause and 

 cure. 



The plum and morello cherry trees are disfigured and 

 destroyed by a species of gangrene. The limbs of these 

 trees, and the trunks, when small, swell, crack, and exhibit 

 irregular tumours, of a spongy appearance, which are first 

 green, but change to a black colour. The branch soon dies ; 

 the sap seems to become vitiated, and, if the diseased parts 

 are not amputated, the entire tree generally fails in one or 

 two seasons. An insect, in its larva state, is generally found 

 in the recent tumours, which Professor Peck has denominated 

 the Rhynchae^nus cerasi ; the same, he thinks, which occa- 

 sions the fall of peaches, apricots, and plums (a formidable 

 evil here), by the larva eating into the kernel of those fruits 

 long ere they have attained their growth ; or another species 

 of the same genus. The first conclusion is probably not 

 correct ; for the fruit, in many localities, is destroyed, where 



