NONCONTAGIOUS DISEASES OF EESPIRATOEY ORGANS. 93 



mucopurulent. In mild cases there is little or no fever, but in severe 

 ones it may run high. The animal becomes dull, languid, and is not 

 inclined to move about, and the appetite may become impaired ; there 

 is also variable temperature of the horns and ears. If in a cow 

 giving milk the secretion diminishes, the mucus from the eyes and 

 nose becomes thicker and yellower. Afterwards, as the symptoms 

 increase in severity, the discharge becomes mucopurulent. 



Treatment. — The animal should be housed in a well-ventilated 

 place, with good hygienic surroundings. In cold and damp weather 

 it should be kept warm with blanketing, and, in severe cases, hot, 

 medicated inhalations given. If the fever is high, it may be reduced 

 by giving nitrate of potassium, from 1 to 2 ounces, in the drinking 

 water, three times daily. Diffusible stimulants are beneficial in most 

 cases. Too much importance can not be attached to good nursing. 

 There is no necessity to resort to the old system of bleeding, purging, 

 or the use of poAverful sedatives. 



EPISTAXIS (BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE). 



Bleeding from the nostrils is rather rare in cattle. It may arise 

 from an}^ one of a variety of causes, but usually results from disease 

 or injury to the mucous membranes or to violent exertions in cough- 

 ing and sneezing. It is seldom serious. It generally occurs in drops 

 from one nostril only^- accompanied with sneezing, and without 

 frothing. Bleeding from the lungs comes fiom both nostrils, is 

 bright red, frothy, and accompanied with a cough. 



Treatment, — In many cases the bleeding will cease spontaneously 

 and all that is necessary is to keep the animal quiet and bathe the 

 head and nostrils with cold water. The cause of the bleeding should 

 be learned and governed accordingly in the treatment. In severe and 

 exceptional cases, when the hemorrhage is persistent and long con- 

 tinued, the animal's head should be tied to a high rack or beam and 

 cold water or ice applied, or recourse to styptic injections taken. If 

 the hemorrhage is profuse and persistent, either a drench composed 

 of 1^ drams of acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water or 1^ 

 drams of gallic acid dissolved in a pint of water should be given. 



LARYNGITIS (SORE THROAT). 



An inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx is 

 known as laryngitis. It may be either a primary or a secondary 

 disease, complicated or uncomplicated. In the majority of cases it 

 is attributable to some form of exposure, a sudden change from warm 

 to cold surroundings, or exposure to cold storms. It may also result 

 from inhaling irritating gases or from external violence. In an 

 acute attack of laryngitis there is an elevation of temperature, pain 

 on pressure OA^er the region of the larj^nx, violent paroxysms of 



