94 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



coughing, difficult and noisy respiration. The nostrils are dilated, 

 the nose extended, and the animal has a frightened expression. 

 There is marked difficulty in swallowing. 



Treatment. — Treatment consists of fomentations and hot applica- 

 tions over the throat. Stimulating liniments, mustard mixed with 

 cold water and well rubbed in with a stiff brush, or other forms of 

 counterirritation may be applied in severe cases. Hot inhalations 

 should be frequently resorted to, and often afford much relief to the 

 suffering animal. In this disease medicines should be given so far as 

 possible in the form of electuaries (soft solid) on account of the diffi- 

 culty of deglutition. Large drafts of medicines have a tendency to 

 produce violent spells of coughing, and in this way retard recovery. 

 The subjoined formula for an electuary will be found to answer the 

 purpose in ordinary cases: Chlorate of potassium, pulverized, 8 

 ounces; fluid extract of belladonna, 2 ounces; powdered opium, 1 

 ounce; powdered licorice root, 8 ounces; sirup, sufficient quantity; 

 mix. Place a small tablespoonful of the mixture frequently on the 

 tongue or back teeth. Or the following may be used instead : Aloes, 

 powdered opium, and gum camphor in equal parts; mix. Rub an 

 ounce on the molar teeth every four or five hours. The bowels should 

 be kept open and the diet should be such as the patient can easily 

 swallow. Warm, sloppy mashes, boiled oatmeal gruel, linseed tea, 

 and the like are the most suitable substances. If suffocation be 

 threatened during the course of the disease, tracheotomy should be 

 performed without delay. The details of the operation are fully 

 described under the head of " Surgical operations." (See p. 289.) 



When the disease assumes a chronic form, strong counterirritation 

 is indicated. A cantharides blister may be applied, or the following 

 ointment used : Biniodid of mercury 1 part, lard 6 parts ; mix. In 

 some cases it will be found necessary to repeat the application. 



BRONCHITIS. 



Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 

 bronchial tubes. Wlien a primary disease, it is generally the result 

 of what is commonly known as "catching cold." It may be sec- 

 ondary to or complicated with many of the diseases of the respiratory 

 system. It may also be caused by breathing irritating gases, or by 

 the introduction of foreign bodies into the bronchial tubes, which 

 sometimes results from injudicious and careless drenching when the 

 larynx is temporarily relaxed. It may be acute or chronic, and is 

 divided, according to the seat of the inflammation, into bronchitis 

 proper when the large tubes are affected, or capillary bronchitis wlien 

 the trouble is in the smaller ones. 



Symptoms. — Loss of appetite, elevation of temperature, generally 

 104'' or 105° F. The inspiration is incomplete, short, and painful, 



