DISEASES OP THE URI^iTARY ORGANS. 121 



bowels much of the irritant products already absorbed into the blood 

 and will thus protect the kidneys. In many such cases a liberal sup- 

 ply of wholesome, easily digestible feed will be all the additional 

 treatment required. In this connection demulcent feed (boiled flax- 

 seed, wheat bran) is especially good. If much blood has been lost, 

 bitters (gentian, one-half ounce) and iron (sulphate of iron, 2 drams) 

 should be given for a week. 



For cases in which excess of diuretic plants has been taken, it may 

 be well to replace the salts by 1 to 2 pints of olive oil, adding 1 ounce 

 of laudanum and 2 drams of gum camphor; also to apply fomenta- 

 tions or a fresh sheepskin over the loins. Buttermilk or vinegar, one- 

 half pint, or sulphuric acid, 60 drops in a pint of water, may also be 

 used frequently as injections. In cases caused by sprained or frac- 

 tured loins, inflamed kidneys, stone or gravel, the treatment will be 

 as for the particular disease in question. 



In hematuria from anemia (watery blood), whether from insuffi- 

 cient or badly adjusted rations or from the poisonous products of 

 fermentations in impervious or marshy soils, the treatment must be 

 essentially^ tonic and stimulating. Rich, abundant, and easily diges- 

 tible feed must be furnished. The different grains (oats, barley, 

 wheat, bran, rye) and seeds (rape, linseed, cotton seed) are especially 

 called for and ma}" be given either ground or boiled. As a bitter, 

 sulphate of quinin, one-half dram, and tincture of chlorid of iron, 2 

 drams, may be given in a pint of water thrice a day. In some cases 

 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of oil of turpentine twice daily in milk will act 

 favorably. 



In this anemic variety prevention is the great need. The drainage 

 and cultivation of the dangerous soils is the main object. Until this 

 can be accomplished young and newly purchased cattle not yet inured 

 to the poisons must be kept from the dangerous fields and turned on 

 only those which are already drained naturally or artificially. Fur- 

 ther, they should have an abundant ration in which the local product 

 of grass, hay, etc., is supplemented by grain or other seeds. Another 

 point to be guarded against is the supply of water that has drained 

 from marshes or impervious soils, rich in organic matter, as such 

 water is charged with nitrites, ptomaines, etc., which directly conduce 

 to the disorder. Fence out from all such waters and supply from 

 living springs or deep wells only. 



ALBUMIN IN THE URINE (ALBUMINURIA). 



In bloody urine albumin is always present as an important con- 

 stituent of the blood, and in congested and inflamed kidneys it is 

 present as a part of the inflammatory exudate. Apart from these, 

 albumin in the urine represents in different cases a variety of dis- 

 eased conditions of the kidneys or of distant organs. Amona" the 



