DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 



DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 



Plate IX. Kidney and male generative and urinary organs. 



Fig. 1. Kidney of the ox. (From Handbuch des Yergleichenden Anatomie 

 des Haus Saugethiere, vol. 7, 1890.) A, renal artery carrying blood 

 into the kidney ; V, renal vein carrying blood from the kidney back to 

 the heart ; H, ureter, the tube carrying the urine from kidney to 

 bladder. It is formed by the union of a number of branches which 

 begin as cups (calices), each inclosing the tip of a conical mass of 

 tissue from which the urine excludes. 

 Fig. 2. Genital and urinary organs of the bull. (From Leisering, Mueller, 

 and Ellenberger, Handbuch des Verg. Anat. des Haus Saugethiere.) 

 the serous membrane enveloping the testicles; 3, the right testicle, 

 outer view; 3', left testicle, inner view; 4, epididymis, or the beginning 

 of the excretory canal of the testicle ; 4', globus major, or the head of 

 the epididymis; 4", globus minor, or the tail of the epididymis; 5, 

 vas deferens, the duct through which the seminal fluid reaches the 

 ejaculatory ducts ; 5', pelvic dilation of the vas deferens ; 6, vesic- 

 ula seminalis. The vesiculte seminalis are two oval pouches, which, 

 in addition to their own secretions, receive the semen conveyed by 

 the seminal ducts and hold it in reserve until copulation; 7, mem- 

 branous or intrapelvic portion of the urethral canal covered by Wil- 

 son's muscle ; 8, part of the prostate gland, covered by Wilson's 

 muscle ; 9, Cowper's gland. This gland, like the prostate gland, 

 secretes a fluid which is thrown into the urethal canal in abundance 

 immediately before ejaculation ; by this means the expulsion of the 

 semen is facilitated ; 10, ejaculator seminis, or accelerator urinse 

 muscle; 11, penis; 11', cut portion of same; 12, cut suspensory liga- 

 ments of penis ; 13, sheath, or prepuce laid open ; 14, retractor muscles 

 of sheath ; 15, cremaster muscle cut at superior extremity ; 16, dupli- 

 cature of peritoneum ; 17, ureters carrying urine from the kidneys 

 to the bladder. 



Plate X. Microscopic anatomy of the kidney. 



Fig. 1. In this figure the minute apparatus for the secretion, collection, 

 and discharge of the urine into the pelvis of the kidney (see preced- 

 ing plate) is shown. The course is as follows: The urine is secreted 

 from the blood vessels in the little round bodies called glomeruli (12), 

 and by the minute cells in the curved tubes (11, 9, 10, 8), and passes 

 through the convoluted and straight tubes (7, 6) into the larger tube 

 (1), and then out into the pelvis, thence through the ureters into the 

 bladder. The fluid and salts dissolved in the urine are taken from 

 the blood, and the minute blood vessels are therefore very abundant 

 in the kidneys, as is shown by the Itranches and network on the left 

 of the figure. The blood passes into the kidney in the artery (13), 

 which then divides into branches which pa.ss into the glomeruli (12) and 

 also forms network around the secreting tubules (11, 9). The urine 

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