152 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



conception. Any such discharge should be first arrested by repeated 

 injections as for leiicorrhea, after which the male may be admitted. 



Feeding on a very saccharine diet, which greatly favors the deposi- 

 tion of fat, seems to have an even more direct effect in preventing 

 conception during such regimen. Among other causes of barrenness 

 are all those that favor abortion, ergoted grasses, smutty wheat or 

 corn, laxative or diuretic drinking water, and any improper or 

 musty feed that causes indigestions, colics, and diseases of the urinary 

 organs, notably gravel; also savin, rue, cantharides, and all other 

 irritants of the bowels or kidneys. 



Hermaphrodites are barren, of course, as their sexual organs are 

 not distinctively either male or female. The heifer born as a twin 

 with a bull is usually hermaphrodite and barren, but the animals 

 of either sex in which development of the organs is arrested before 

 they are fully matured remain as in the male or female prior to 

 puberty, and are barren. Bulls with both testicles retained within 

 the abdomen may go through the form of serving a cow, but the 

 service is unfruitful ; the spermatozoa are not fully elaborated. So 

 I have examined a heifer with a properly formed but very small 

 womb and an extremely narrow vagina and vulva, the walls of which 

 were very muscular, that could never be made to conceive. A post- 

 mortem examination would probably have disclosed an imperfectly 

 formed ovary incapable of bringing ova to maturity. 



A bull and coav that have been too closely inbred in the same line 

 for generations may prove sexually incompatible and unable to gen- 

 erate together, though both are abundantly prolific when coupled with 

 finimals of other strains. 



Finally, a bull may prove unable to get stock, not from any lack of 

 sexual development, but from disease of other organs (back, loins, 

 hind limbs), which renders him unable to mount with the energy 

 requisite to the perfect service. 



CONGESTION AND INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLES (ORCHITIS). 



This usually results from blows or other direct injuries, but may 

 be the result of excessive service or of the formation of some new 

 growth (tumor) in the gland tissue. The bull moves stiffly, with strad- 

 dling gait, and the right or left half of the scrotum in Avhich the 

 affected testicle lies is swollen, red, and tender, and the gland is drawn 

 up within the sac and dropped again at frequent intervals. It may 

 be treated by rest; by 1| pounds Epsom salt given in 4 quarts of 

 water; by a restricted diet of some succulent feed; by continued 

 fomentations with warm water by means of sponges or rags sustained 

 by a sling passed around the loins and back between the hind legs. 

 , The pain may be allayed by smearing with a solution of opium or of 



