382 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



is reddened in spots, and shows superficial, yellowish-graj', cheesy 

 patches, which represent dead tissue, and when removed expose 

 ulcerated depressions. The same reddening in spots and the yellow- 

 ish-gray, cheesy deposits or patches are found in the fourth stomach, 

 the small intestines, and more rarely in the cecum, while the third 

 stomach, or manyplies, is more or less impacted with dry, hard feed. 

 Similar changes may be found on the mucous membrane of the nasal 

 cavity, larynx, trachea, the uterus, vagina, and rectum. The lungs 

 may be injected, edematous, or pneumonic. The heart muscle is pale 

 and flabby, and frequently hemorrhages are observed in its internal 

 membrane. The liver may be pale or injected with blood, and at 

 times shows hemorrhages beneath its capsule. The bile is thin and 

 watery in consistence. The kidneys may be inflamed or contain 

 small hemorrhages within their substance or under the capsule. The 

 lymphatic glands may be swollen and injected or even hemorrhagic. 



Treatment. — On account of the danger of spreading the infection, 

 neither medicinal treatment nor inoculation is permitted in European 

 countries, with the exception of Russia, where the disease is more 

 generally diffused. The most effective method of exterminating rin- 

 derpest in those districts in which the disease is not indigenous has 

 been found to be the slaughter of all affected and exposed animals. 

 Where the disease is general, successful efforts adopted for its con- 

 trol have followed the immunization by inoculation of the exposed 

 animals and a strict application of appropriate sanitary measures. 

 This protective inoculation has been practiced with very gi-atifying 

 results in Russia, South Africa, and in the Philippine Islands. An 

 active immunity is thus induced in susceptible animals which lasts 

 until the danger from exposure to the disease is over. This immu- 

 nity may be attained (1) by the inoculation of pure bile from an ani- 

 mal which recently died of rinderpest, (2) by the inoculation of 

 glycerinated bile, followed by pure bile or virulent blood, or (3) 

 by the simultaneous inoculation of strong standardized serum and 

 virulent blood. 



The latter method has been adopted by the United States Govern- 

 ment in its endeavor to exterminate the disease in the Philippines, 

 and to protect the cattle and carabaos against rinderpest after their 

 importation into those islands. Owing to the existence of this and 

 other infectious diseases in the Philippine Islands, an order has been 

 issued by the Department of Agriculture prohibiting the landing of 

 any live stock or animals of any kind from the Philippines at any of 

 the ports of the United States or the dependencies thereof. This pro- 

 hibition removes the greatest source of danger to which the United 

 States is exposed as the result of its intercourse with the islands. 

 The introduction of rinderpest from those countries from which 

 we import animals is rendered extremely improbable, especially in 



