388 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



owners to the extent of 70 per cent, or $128,908.57. It is undei-stood 

 that the States paid the remainder. The total cost to the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture of stamping out the disease was about $300,000. 



The next appearance of the foot-and-mouth disease was early in 

 November, 1908, when it was observed in cattle near Danville, Pa. 

 A Federal quarantine was issued November 12. Tbe infection was 

 traced back to the stockyards at East Buffalo, N. Y., and to Detroit, 

 Mich. The disease appeared in the States of Michigan, New York, 

 Pennsylvania, and Maryland. A careful and thorough investigation 

 made by Mohler of the Bureau of Animal Industry and Rosenau of 

 the Public Health Sei-^'ice demonstrated that the outbreak started 

 from calves used to propagate vaccine virus at an establishment near 

 Detroit, and that the source of the infection was contaminated 

 Japanese vaccine virus. 



Vigorous measures of eradication similar to those employed in 

 1902-3 were at once put into effect and the disease was stamped out 

 in about five months at an expense of about $300,000 to the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, and of about $113,000 to the States. The in- 

 spectors made 108,683 visits to farms, stockyards, etc., and inspected 

 more than 1.500,000 animals (including reinspections). One hun- 

 dred and fifty-seven premises were found infected, and 3,636 animals 

 (2,025 cattle, 1,329 hogs, and 282 sheep and goats), valued at 

 $90,033.18, were slaughtered. Owners were reimbursed for the value 

 of their animals and property destroyed, one-third being paid by the 

 States and two-thirds by the Federal Governm.ent. 



The latest invasion was discovered in the vicinity of Niles, Mich., 

 in October, 1914, after it had evidently been under way since August 

 of the same year. This is the most serious and extensive outbreak 

 ever known in this country. The disease extended to 22 States and 

 the District of Columbia, at places ranging from the Atlantic to the 

 Pacific coasts. The work of eradication was not completed for 

 more than a year. The affected States were Connecticut, Delaware, 

 Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, 

 Michigan, Minnesota, Montana. New Hampshire, New Jersey, New 

 York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington, 

 West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Illinois had the largest infected 

 area and the largest number of animals affected. The Union Stock 

 Yards at Chicago became infected and were a source of dissemina- 

 tion of the contagion north, east, south, and west. These and other 

 yards found infected were closed temporarily and disinfected. 



The first Federal quarantine was issued October 19, 1914. A cam- 

 paign to check the spread of the disease and to stamp it out was 

 immediately begim by the United States Department of Agriculture 

 in cooperation with the State authorities. Quarantines against the 

 movement of animals and certain materials from the infected areas 



