458 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



groups of ten or twelve and inject, first, each animal of the group 

 with the serum, following this with the injection of the spore vaccine. 

 The serum should be injected on one side, either r^n the neck or back 

 of the shoulder, and the spore vaccine on the other side, injections 

 being made subcutaneously. In herds in which the disease has 

 already made its appearance it is necessary to take the temperatures 

 of all the animals and to subject to the simultaneous vaccination only 

 those that show no rise in temperature. All others should be given 

 the serum-alone treatment in doses varying in accordance with the 

 severity of the symptoms manifested by the individual animals. If 

 the examination reveals a consideral)le number of infections, it is 

 advisable to use the serum alone for all the animals, and in three or 

 four weeks to revaccinate by the simultaneous method. The dosage 

 should depend on the potency of the serum, serum of a high potency 

 naturally being most desirable. Thus serum in 10 culiic centimeter 

 doses for large animals, and 3 to 5 cubic centimeter doses for smaller 

 ones, has been found to be effective in producing a temporary 

 immunity. 



As anthrax is entirely different from blackleg, vaccine for the latter 

 does not act as a pre^'entive against the former. 



ANTHRAX IN MAN (MALIGNANT PUSTULE, OR CARBUNCLE). 



Anthrax may be transmitted to man in handling the carcasses and 

 hides of animals which have succumbed to the disease. The infec- 

 tion usually takes place through some abrasion or slight wound of 

 the skin into which the anthrax spores, or bacilli, find their way. 

 The point of inoculation appears at first as a dark point or patch, 

 compared by some writers to the sting of a flea. After a few hours 

 this is changed into a reddened pimple, which bears on its summit, 

 usually around a hair, a yellowish blister, or vesicle, which later on 

 becomes red or bluish in color. The burning sensation in this stage 

 is very great. Later this pimple enlarges, its center becomes dry, 

 gangrenous, and is surrounded by an elevated, discolored swelling. 

 The center becomes drier and more leatherlike, and sinks in as the 

 whole increases in size. The skin around this swelling or carbuncle 

 is stained yellow or bluish, and is not infrequently swollen and 

 doughy to the touch. The carbuncle itself rarely grows larger than 

 a pea or a small nut, and is but slightly painful. 



Anthrax swellings or edemas, already described as occurring in 

 cattle, may also be found in man, and they are at times so extensive 

 as to produce distortion in the appearance of the part of the body 

 on which they are found. The color of the skin over these swellings 

 varies according to the situation and thiclaiess of the skin and the 

 stage of the disease, and may be white, red. bluish, or blackish. 



