522 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



to be given may be first measured off, poured into the bottle, and the 

 point marked on the outside with a file, so that subsequent doses 

 may be measured in the bottle itseK. A simple form of drenching 

 tube (fig. 16) consists of a piece of rubber tubing about 3 feet long 

 and one-half inch in diameter, with an ordinary tin funnel inserted 

 in one end and a piece of brass or iron tubing 4 to 6 inches long, of 

 suitable diameter, inserted in the other end. In use the metal tube 

 is placed in the animal's mouth between the back teeth, and the dose 

 is poured into the funnel, which is either held by an assistant or 

 fastened to a post. The flow of liquid through the tube is controlled 

 by pinching the rubber tubing near the point of union with the 

 metal tube. It is important not to raise the animal's head too high 

 on account of the danger of the dose entering 

 the lungs. The nose should not be raised higlier 

 than the level of the eyes. The animal may 

 be dosed either standing on all fours or lying 

 on the side. 



The position on all fours is preferred by 

 some authorities, who believe that more of the 

 remedy is likely to reach the fourth stomach 

 when the animal is dosed standing than when 

 dosed in other positions. 



Great care should be used in dosing to pre- 

 vent the entrance of the liquid into the lungs, 

 and in the preparation and administration of the 



TT^ik il -"^"^"^^ 



Fig. 16.— a drenching tube made from an ordinary tin funnel, a piece of rubber hose, and a piece 

 of brass pipe. 



remedy to avoid getting the solution too strong or the dose too large. 

 Bluestone, or copper sulphate, has been extensively used in South 

 Africa in the treatment of sheep and cattle for stomach worms and 

 is recommended by the colonial veterinary surgeon of the Cape 

 Colony as the best and safest remedy. To prepare the solution take 1 

 pound (avoirdupois) of pure bluestone, powder it fine, and dissolve 

 in 9i gallons of warm water. It is better first to dissolve the blue- 

 stone in 2 or 3 quarts of boiling water, then add the remaining quan- 

 tity of cold water, and mix thorouglily. This solution may be given 

 to cattle in the following-sized doses: 



Calves 3t to 4 fluid ounces. 



Yearlings 6 fluid ounces. 



Two-year-olds and over 12 to 16 fluid ounces. 



In making up the solution only clear blue crystals of bluestone 

 should be used. Bluestone w4th white patches or crusts should be 



