584 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



patch is formed. These eio.sions are most frequently found on the 

 gums around the incisor teeth, on the dental pad. inside the lips, 

 and on the tip of the tongue, hut they also occur on the cheeks, inter- 

 dental space, and dorsum of the tongue. The ulcers have a hemor- 

 rhagic border, a depressed suppurating surface, and contain a broAvn- 

 ish or yellowish colored debris, which is soon replaced by granulation 

 tissue. As a result of this sloughing of the tissues and tlie retention 

 of food in the mouth, a very ort'ensivc odor is exhaled. The muzzle 

 becomes dry and parched in appearance, which condition is shortly 

 followed l\v erosions and exfoliations of the supeificial layer of the 

 sldn. Adherent brownish crusts and scabs form over the parts, and 

 simihir lesions nre seen around the nostrils and external surface of 

 the li]')s. 



In some cases there are associated with these alteiations a slight 

 swelling and painfulness in the region of the pasterns, at times 

 affecting the forefeet, at other times the hind feet, and occasionally 

 all four feet. In a few cases the swelling may extend above the fet- 

 lock, but it has never been observed above the knee or hock. The 

 skin around the coronet may occasionally become fissured and the 

 thin skin in the cleft of the foot eroded and supp\irated. but without 

 the formation of vesicles. As a result of these feet lesions, the 

 affected animal may assume a position with its back arched and the 

 limbs propped under the body as in a case of foimder, and will 

 manifest much pain and lamejiess in walking. If it lies down, the 

 animal shows reluctance in getting up, and although nuuiifesting no 

 inclination to move about, when forced to do so there is more or 

 less stiffness and a tendency to kick or shake the foot as if to dislodge 

 a foreign body from l:»etween the claws. 



In some outbreaks the mik-h coavs have slight superficial erosions 

 on the teats which at times extend to the udder. The cracks in the 

 skin are filled with serum and form broAvnish-colored scabs. The 

 teats become tender and the milk secretion diminishes: in some cases 

 it disappears. A similar tendency toward the formation of fissures 

 and scabs (m the skin of the neck and shoulders has manifested itself 

 in a recent outbreak in Texas, and this feature was likewise notice- 

 able in the disease when it occurred in Maryland and Virginia in 

 1889. 



In mild cases only the month lesions may l)e observed, or these 

 alterations may be associated with one or more of the other above- 

 descril)ed symptoms, but in sevei'e cases, where there is a generalized 

 mycotic intoxication, one animal may show all these alterations. 

 "When the disease is Avell developed the general appearance of the 

 animal is one of great lassitude, and it either stands off' by itself 

 with hind feet drawn under the body and its forefeet extended, or it 

 assumes a recumbent position. Owing to the inability to eat and to 



