BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



BLOODY URINE, OR HE>L\TURIA. 



Cause. — As seen in the horse, bloodj'- urine is usually the direct 

 result of mechanical injuries, as sprains and fractures of the loins, 

 lacerations of the sublumbar muscles (psoas), irritation caused by stone 

 in the kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra. It may, however, occur 

 with acute congestion of the kidney, with tumors in its substance, or 

 with papilloma or other diseased growth in the bladder. Acrid diu- 

 retic plants present in the food may also lead to the escape of blood 

 from the kidney. The predisposition to this affection is, however, 

 incoraparabh^ less than in the case of the ox or the sheep, the differ- 

 ence being attributed to the greater plasticity of the horse's blood in 

 connection with the larger quantity of fibrin. 



The blood may be present in small clots or in more or less intimate 

 admixture with the urine. Its condition may furnish some indication 

 as to its source; thus, if from the kidneys it is more likely to be uni- 

 formly diffused through the urine, while as furnished by the bladder 

 or passages clots are more likely to be present. Again, in bleeding 

 from the kidney, minute cylindrical clots inclosing blood globules and 

 formed in the uriniferous tubes can be detected under the microscope. 

 Precision also may be aj^proxi mated by observing whether there is 

 coexisting fracture, sprain of the loins, or stone or tumor in the blad- 

 der or urethra. 



Treatment. — The disease being mainly due to direct injury, treatment 

 will consist, first, in removing such cause whenever possible, and then 

 in appl3dng general and local styptics. Irritants in food must be 

 avoided, sprains appropriately treated, and stone in bladder or urethra 

 removed. Then give mucilaginous drinks (slippery elm, linseed tea) 

 freeh', and styptics (tincture of chloride of iron 3 drams, acetate of 

 lead one-half dram, tannic acid one-half dram, or oil of turpentine 1 

 ounce). If the discharge is abundant, apply cold water to the loins 

 and keep the animal perfectl}^ still. 



HEMOGLOBINURIA (aZOTURIA, AZOTEMIA, POISONING BY ALBUMINOIDS). 



Like diabetes, this is rather a disease of the liver and blood-forming 

 functions than of the kidney, but as prominent s^miptoms are loss 

 of control over the hind limbs and the passage of ropy and dark- 

 colored urine, the vulgar idea is that it is a disorder of the urinary 

 organs. It is a complex affection directly connected with a pletliora 

 in the blood of nitrogenized constituents, with extreme nervous and 

 muscular disorder and the excretion of a dense reddish or brownish 

 urine. It is directl}'' connected with high feeding, especially on highly 

 nitrogenized food (oats, beans, pease, vetches, cottonseed meal), and 

 with a period of idleness in the stall under full rations. The disease 

 is never seen at pasture, rarely under constant dail}" work, even 



