DISEASES OF THE HOESE. 87 



detected, that should be treated first or simultaneous!}^ with this affec- 

 tion of the kidne3's. In all cases the building up of the general health 

 is important. Hence a course of tonics may be given (phosphate of 

 iron 2 drams, nux vomica 20 grains, powdered gentian root 4 drams, 

 daily) or 60 drops of sulphuric acid or nitromuriatic acid may be 

 given daily in the drinking water. If there is any elevated tempera- 

 ture of the body and tenderness of the loins, fomentations may be 

 applied, followed by a mustard pulp, as for acute inflammation, and 

 even in the absence of these indications the mustard may be resorted 

 to with advantage at intervals of a few daj's. In suppression of urine, 

 fomentations with warm water or with infusion of digitalis leaves is a 

 safer resort than diuretics, and cupping over the loins may also benefit. 

 To appl}^ a cup shave the skin and oil it; then take a narrow-mouthed 

 glass, rarify the air within it by introducing a taper in full flame for 

 a second, withdraw the taper and instantl}^ apply the mouth of the 

 glass to the skin and hold it closely applied till the cooling tends to 

 form a vacuum in the glass and to draw up the skin, like a sucker. 



As in the acute inflammation, every attention must be given to secure 

 warm clothing, a warm stall, and pure air. 



TUMORS OF THE KIDNEYS. 



Tumors, whether malignant or simple, would give rise to sjmiptoms 

 resembling some form of inflammation, and are not likely to be recog- 

 nized during life. 



PARASITES. 



To parasites of the kidney belong the echinococciis, the larval, or 

 bladder-worm, stage of the small echinococcus tapeworm of the dog; 

 also the Cysticercus Jlstularis, another bladder worm of an unknown 

 tapeworm; in these there is the possibility of the passage with the 

 urine of a detached head of the bladder worm or of some of its micro- 

 scopic booklets, which might be found in the sediment of the urine 

 and thus establish a diagnosis. DloctojjJiyme renah, the largest of 

 roundworms, has been found in the kidney of the horse. Its presence 

 can onl}^ bo certified by the passage of its microscopic eggs or of the 

 entire worm. Immature stages of the armed roundworm of the horse, 

 Stro7igylus equinus, may be found in the renal arter}" or in the kidney 

 itself. 



SPASM OF THE NECK OF THE BLADDER. 



This affection consists in spasmodic closure of the outlet from the 

 bladder by tonic contraction of the circular muscular fibers. It may 

 be accompanied by a painful contraction of the muscles on the body 

 of the bladder; or, if the organ is alread}^ unduly distended, these will 

 be affected with temporary paral3^sis. It is most frequent in the horse, 

 but by no means unkno^vn in the mare. 



