94 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTEY. 



sheath and penis; difficulty, pain, and groaning in passing urine, which 

 is liable to sudden temporary arrests in the course of micturition, and 

 latei" a whitish mucopurulent oozing from the papilla on the end of the 

 penis. There is a tendenc}^ to erection of the penis, and in cases con- 

 tracted from a mare the outer surface of that organ Avill show more 

 or less extensive sores and ulcers. Stallions suffering in this way will 

 refuse to mount, or having mounted will fail to complete the act of 

 coition. If an entrance is effected infection of the mare is liable to 

 follow. 



TreatDunt in the early stages consists in a dose of phj'sic (aloes 6 

 drams) and fomentations of warm water to the sheath and penis. If 

 there is reason to suspect the presence of infection, inject the urethra 

 twice daily with borax 1 dram, water 1 quart, using it tepid. Where 

 the mucopurulent discharge indicates the supervention of the second 

 stage, a more astringent injection may be employed (nitrate of silver 

 20 grains, water 1 quart), and the same may be applied to the surface 

 of the penis and inside the sheath. Balsam of copaiba (1 dram daily) 

 ma}^ also be given with advantage after the purulent discharge has 

 appeared. 



Every st^illion suffering from urethritis should be withheld from 

 service, as should mares with loucorrhea. 



STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA. 



This is a permanent narrowing of the urethra at a given point, the 

 result of previous inflammation, caused by the passage or arrest of a 

 stone, or gravel, by strong astringent injections in the early nonsecret- 

 ing stages of urethritis, or by contraction of the lining membrane 

 occurring during the healing of ulcers in neglected^ inflammations of 

 that canal. The trouble is shown by the passage of urine in a fine 

 stream with straining, pain, and groaning, and by frequent painful 

 erections. It must be remedied by mechanical dilatation, with cathe- 

 ters just large enough to pass with gentle force, to be inserted once a 

 day, and to be used of larger size as the passage will admit them. 

 The- catheter should be kept perfecth^ clean, and washed in a borax 

 solution and well oiled before it is introduced. 



URINARY CALCULI (STONE, OR GRAVEL). 



These consist in some of the solids of the urine that have been pre- 

 cipitated from the urine in the form of crj^stals, which remain apart 

 as a fine powdery- mass, or magma, or aggregate into calculi, or stones, 

 of vaiying size. Their composition is therefore determined in differ- 

 ent animals b}^ the salts and other constituents found dissolved in the 

 health}^ urine, and b}- the additional constituents which ma}' be thrown 



