DISEASES OF THE HOKSE. 109 



the bones that involve the membrane of the sinuses, and even blows 

 on the head over the sinuses. Diseased teeth often involve a sinus 

 and cause a fetid discharge from the nostril. Violent coughing is said 

 to have forced particles of food into the sinus, which acted as a cause 

 of the disease. Tumors growing in the sinuses are known to have 

 caused it. It is also attributed to disease of the turbinated bones. 

 Absorption of the bones forming the walls of the sinuses has been 

 caused hj the pressure of pus collecting in them and b}" tumors filling 

 up the cavity. 



Symptoms. — Great caution must be exercised when examining these 

 cases, for the horse may have glanders, while, on the other hand, 

 horses have been condemned as glandered when really there was 

 nothing ailing them but nasal gleets This affection is not contagious. 

 It may stubbornly resist treatment and last for a long time. In most 

 cases the discharge is from one nostril onl}^, which may signify that 

 the sinuses on that side of the head are affected. The discharge may 

 be intermittent, that is, quantities may be discharged at times and 

 again little or none for a day or so. Such an intermittent discharge 

 usually signifies disease of the sinuses. The glands under and between 

 the bones of the lower jaw may be enlarged. The peculiar ragged- 

 edged ulcer of glanders is not to be found on the membrane within 

 the nostrils, but occasional!}^ sores are to be seen there. If there is 

 any doubt about it, stud}^ well the symptoms of glanders to enable you 

 to be at least competent to form a safe opinion. 



The eye on the side of the discharging nostril ma}^ have a peculiar 

 appearance and look smaller than its fellow. There may be an 

 enlargement, having the nppearance of a bulging out of the bone 

 over the part affected, between or below the eyes. The breath may 

 be offensive, which indicates decomposition of the matter or bones, or 

 disease of the teeth. A diseased tooth is further indicated by the 

 horse holding his head to one side when eating, or by dropping the 

 food from the mouth after partly chewing it. When j^ou tap on 

 the bones between the eyes, below the eyes, and above the back teeth 

 of the upper jaw, a hollow, drum-like sound is emitted, but if the 

 sinus is filled with pus or contains a large tumor the sound emitted 

 will be the same as if a solid substance were struck; by this means 

 the sinus affected ma}^ be located in some instances. The hair ma}^ 

 be rough over the affected part, or even the bone may be soft to 

 the touch and the part give somewhat to pressure or leave an impres- 

 sion where it is pressed upon with the finger. 



Treatment. — The cause of the trouble must be ascertained before 

 treatment is commenced. In the many cases where the animal is in 

 poor condition (in fact, in all cases) he should have the most nutritive 

 food and regular exercise. The food, or box containing it, should be 

 placed on the ground, as the dependent position of the head favors 

 the discharge. 



