DISEASES OF THE HORSE. Ill 



They vary much in size; some arc so small that their presence is not 

 manifested, while others almost completely fill up the chamber, thereby 

 causing a serious obstruction to the passage of air. The stem, or base, 

 of the tumor is generally attached high up in the chamber, and usually 

 the tumor can not be seen, but occasionally it increases in size until it 

 can be observed within the nostril. Sometimes, instead of hanging 

 down toward the nasal opening, it falls back into the pharynx. It 

 causes a discharge from the nostril, a more or less noisy snuffling sound 

 in breathing, according to its size, a discharge of blood (if it is injured), 

 and sneezing. The side that it occupies can be detected in the same 

 way as described for the detection of the affected side when the 

 breathing is obstructed by a thickened membrane. 



The only relief is removal of the polypus, which, like all other opera- 

 tions, should be done by an expert when it is possible to secure one. 

 The operation is performed by grasping the base of the tumor with 

 suitable forceps and twisting it round and round until it is torn from 

 its attachment, or by cutting it off with a noose of wire. The result- 

 ing hemorrhage is checked by the use of an astringent lotion, such as 

 a solution of the tincture of iron, or b}' packing the nostrils with 

 surgeon's gauze. 



PHARY^'GEAL POLYPUS. 



This is exactly the same kind of tumor described as nasal polypus, 

 the only difference being in the situation. Indeed, the stem of the 

 t-umor may be attached to the membrane of the nasal chamber, as 

 before explained, or it may be attached in the fauces (opening of the 

 back part of the mouth), and the bod}^ of the tumor then falls into 

 the pharynx. In this situation it mdy seriousl}^ interfere with breath- 

 ing. Sometimes it drops into the larynx, causing the most alarming 

 symptoms. The animal coughs, or tries to cough, saliva flows from 

 the mouth, the breathing is performed with the greatest difficulty and 

 accompanied by a loud noise; the animal appears as if strangled and 

 often falls exhausted. When the tumor is coughed out of the larynx 

 the animal regains quickly and soon appears as if nothing was ailing. 

 These sudden attacks and quick recoveries point to the nature of the 

 trouble. The examination mj.ist be made by holding the animal's 

 mouth open with a balling iron or speculum and running the hand back 

 into the mouth. If the tumor is within reach, it must be removed in 

 the same manner as though it were in the nose. 



BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE. 



This often occurs during the course of certain diseases, namely, 

 influenza, bronchitis, purpura hemorrhagica, glanders, etc. But it also 

 occurs independent of other affections; and, as before mentioned, is a 

 symptom of polypus, or tumor, in the nose. 



