122 BUBEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



quarts from the vein, and do not repeat the bleeding. The blood thus 

 drawn will have a tarry appearance. 



When the alarming symptoms have subsided active measures may 

 be stopped, but care must be used in the general treatment of the ani- 

 mal for several days, for it must be remembered that congestion may 

 be followed by pneumonia. The animal should have a comfortable 

 stall, where he will not be' subjected to drafts or sudden changes of 

 temperature; he should be blanketed and the legs kept bandaged. 

 The air should be pure, a plentiful supply of fresh cold water always 

 in the stall, and a diet composed principally of bran mashes, scalded 

 oats, and, if in season, grass. When ready for use again the horse 

 should at first receive moderate exercise onl3% which maj' be daily 

 increased until he may safely be put to regular work. 



PNEUMOXIA, OR LLING FEVER. 



Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs. The chief varieties of 

 pneumonia arc catarrhal — already discussed in connection with bron- 

 chitis, under the name of broncho-pneumonia — and the fibrinous or 

 croupous variety. The latter form receives its name from the fact 

 that the air spaces are choked with coagulated fibrin thrown out from 

 the blood. This causes the diseased portions of the lungs to become 

 as fii-m as liver, in which condition they are said to be hepatized. As 

 air is excluded by the inflammatory product, the diseased lung will 

 not float in water. 



The inflammation usually begins in the lower part of the lung and 

 extends upward. The first stage of the disease consists of conges- 

 tion, or cngorg'cment, of the blood vessels, followed by leakage of 

 serum containing fibrin from the blood vessels into the air passages. 

 The fluids thus escaping into the air cells and in the minute branches 

 of the little bronchial tubes become coagulated. 



The pleura co\'ering the affected parts may be more or less inflamed. 

 A continuance of the foregoing phenomena is marked bj' a further 

 escape of the constituents of the blood, and a change in the membrane 

 of the cells, which become swollen. The exudate that fills the air cells 

 and minute bronchial branches undergoes disintegration and softening 

 when healing commences. 



The favorable termination of pneumonia is in resolution, that is, a 

 restoration to health. This is gradually brought about by the exuded 

 material contained in the air cells and lung tissues becoming broken 

 lown and softened and absorbed or expectorated tlirough the nostrils. 

 |;i .nr' ' '^ssels return to their natural state, and the blood circulates 

 I.: :;< ei [ -"■ ■' In the cases that do not terminate so happily the 

 iiiijg uia^ je..'- „v ^.*f i^renous (or mortified), or an abscess may form, 

 or the disease ii v^ < <>— ^r.-o into the chronic variety. 



Pneumoriisv rr.>i '- v . ..' - induced by any of the influences named 



