128 BUKEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTKY. 



or sequol, of the operation. In passing over this section attention is 

 mereh' called to these defects, as they require no particular attention 

 in the way of treatment. However, it may be stated that any one of 

 the before-mentioned conditions ma}" constitute one of the causes of 

 noisy respiration described as "thick wind." 



GUTTURAL POUCHES. ' 



These two sacks are situated above the throat, and communicate 

 with the pharj'nx, as well as with the cavity of the tympanum of the 

 ear. They are peculiar to solipeds. Normally, the}- contain air. 

 Their function is unknown. 



One or both guttural pouches ma}" contain pus. The symptoms are 

 as follows: Swelling on the side below the ear and an intermittent dis- 

 charge of matter from one or both nostrils, especially when the head 

 is depressed. 



The swelling is soft, and, if pressed upon, matter will escape from 

 the nose if the head is depressed. As before mentioned, these pouches 

 communicate with the phar3'nx, and through this small opening mat- 

 ter ma}" escape. A recovery is probable if the animal is turned out 

 to graze, or if he is fed from the ground, as the dependent position of 

 the head favors the escape of matter from the pouches. In addition 

 to this, give the tonics recommended for nasal gleet. If this treat- 

 ment fails an operation must be performed, which should not be 

 attempted by anyone unacquainted with the anatomy of the part. 



BRONCHITIS AND BRONCHO-rNEUMONIA. 



Bronchitis is an inflanuuation of the bronchial tubes. When this 

 inflammation extends to the air sacs at the termini of the smallest 

 branches of the bronchial tubes, the disease is broncho-pneumonia. 

 Bronchitis affecting the larger tubes is less serious than when the 

 smaller are involved. The disease may be either acute or chronic. 

 The causes are generally much the same as for other diseases of the 

 respiratory organs, noticed in the beginning of this article. The 

 special causes are these: The inhalation of irritating gases and smoke 

 and fluids or solids gaining access to the parts. Bronchitis is occa- 

 sionally associated with influenza and other specific fevers. It also 

 supervenes on common cold or sore throat. 



Symjytams. — The animal appears dull; the appetite is partially or 

 wholly lost; the head hangs; the breathing is quickened; the cough, 

 at first dry, and having somewhat the character of a "barking cough," 

 is succeeded in a few days by a moist, rattling cough; the mouth is 

 hot; the visible membranes in the nose are red; the pulse is frequent, 

 and during the first stage is hard and quick, but as the disease advances 

 becomes smaller and more frequent. There is a discharge from the 

 nostrils that is at first whitish, but later becomes creamy or frothy, and 



