134 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



animal to lie down or paw, morphine may be given by the mouth in 

 S-g-rain closes, or the fluid extract of Cannabis indica may be used in 

 doses of 2 to 4 drams. 



If the case is not progressing favorably in ten or twelve days after 

 the beginning of the attack, convalescence is delayed by the fluid in the 

 chest failing to be absorbed. The animal becomes dull and weak and 

 evinces little or no desire for food. The breathing becomes still more 

 rapid and diflicult. Anefl'ort must now be made to excite the absorp- 

 tion of the effusion. An application of liniment or mild blister 

 should be rubbed over the lower part of both sides and the bottom of 

 the chest. The following drench may be given three times a day, for 

 seven or eight da3's, if it is necessary and appears to benefit: Tincture 

 of the perchloride of iron, 1 ounce; tincture of gentian, 2 ounces; 

 water, 1 pint. Also give 1 dram of iodide of potassium, dissolved in 

 the drinking water an hour before feeding, every night and morning 

 for a week or two. 



Ilydrothorax is sometimes difficult to overcome b}' means of the use 

 of medicines alone, when the operation is performed of tapping the chest 

 to allow an escape for the accumulated fluid. The operation is performed 

 with a combined instrument called the trocar and canula. The punc- 

 ture is made in the lower part of the chest, in the space between the 

 eighth and ninth ribs. Wounding of the intercostal artery is avoided 

 b}- inserting the instrument as near as possible to the anterior edge of 

 the rib. If the operation is of benefit, it is only so when j^erformed 

 before the strength is lowered beyond recovery. The operation 

 merely receives a passing notice here, as it is not presumed that the 

 nonprofessional will attempt it, although it is attended with little 

 danger or difficulty in the hands of the expert. 



There have been described here bronchitis, pneumonia, and pleurisy 

 mainly as they occur as independent diseases, but it should be remem- 

 bered that the}^ merge into each other, and may occur together at one 

 time. While it is true that much more might have been said in 

 regard to the different stages and tj^pes of the afl'ections, and also in 

 regard to the treatment of each stage and each particular type, the 

 plan adopted of advising plain, conservative treatment is considered 

 the wisest on account of simplifying as much as possible a subject of 

 which the reader is supposed to know ver}- little. 



PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. 



This is the state in which an animal is affected with pleuris}- and 

 pneumonia combined, which is not infrequentl}' the case. At the 

 beginning of the attack only one of the affections may be present, but 

 the other soon follows. It has already been stated that the pleura is 

 closely adherent to the lung. The pleura on this account is frequently 

 more or less affected by the spreading of the inflammation from the 



