136 BUEEAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



bleeding is merely from a rupture of a vessel in some part of the head 

 (heretofore described as bleeding from the nose) the blood is most 

 likely to issue from one nostril only, and the discharge is not accom- 

 panied b}^ coughing. The ear may be placed against the windpipe 

 along its course, and if the blood is from the lungs a gurgling or 

 rattling sound will be heard. When it occurs in connection with 

 another disease it seldom requires special treatment. When caused 

 by accident or overexertion the animal should be kept c|uiet. If the 

 hemorrhage is profuse and continues for scleral hours, 1 dram of the 

 acetate of lead dissolved in a pint of water may be given as a drench, 

 or 1 ounce of the tincture of the pcrchloride of iron, diluted with a 

 pint of water, may be given instead of the lead. It is rare that the 

 hemorrhage is so profuse as to require internal remedies. But hem- 

 orrhage into the lung may occur and cause death by suffocation with- 

 out the least manifestation of it by the discharge of blood from the 

 nose. 



CONSUMPTION. 



Pulmonary consumption, or tuberculosis, has been recognized in the 

 horse in a number of instances. The symptoms are as of chronic 

 pneumonia or pleurisy. There is no treatment for the disease. 



HEAVES, BROKEN Vv^IND, OR ASTHMA. 



Much confusion exists in the popular mind in regard to the nature 

 of heaves. Many horsemen loosely apply the term to all ailments 

 where the breathing is difficult or nois}'. Scientific veterinarians are 

 well acquainted with the phenomena and localit}' of the affection, but 

 there is a great diversity of opinion as regards the exact cause. Asthma 

 is generally thought to be due to spasm of the small circular muscles 

 that surround the bronchial tubes. The continued existence of this 

 affection of the muscles leads to a paral3'sis of them, and the forced 

 breathing to emph3\s<'ma, which always accompanies heaves. 



Heaves is usually associated with disorder of the function of diges- 

 tion or to an error in the clioice of food. Feeding on clover haj' or 

 damaged hay or straw, too bulky and innutritions food, and keeping 

 the horse in a dusty atmosphere or a badl}' ventilated stable, produce or 

 predsipose to heaves. Horses brought from a high to a low level are 

 predisposed. 



In itself broken wind is not a fatal disease, but death is generally 

 caused by an affection closely connected with it. After death, if the 

 organs are examined, the lesions found depend much upon the length 

 of time broken wind has affected the animal. In recent cases very 

 few changes are noticeable, but in animals that have been broken- 

 winded for a long time, the changes are w^ell marked. The lungs are 

 paler than natural, and of much less weight in proportion to the volume, 



