Anterior pres- 

 entations. 



Posterior pres- 

 entations. 



Head 



176 BUREAU OF A^'IMAL INDUSTRY. 



at once, tho front of the hoofs of the fore feet being turned upward 

 and those of the hind feet downward. If both belonged to one foal 

 they Avould l)e turned in the same direction. Once recognized, the 

 condition is easily remedied by passing a rope with a running noose 

 round each foot of the foal that is farthest advanced or that promises 

 to be most easily extracted, and to push the members of the other 

 fetus back into the depth of the womb. As soon as the one fetus is 

 fully engaged in the passage it will hold its place and its delivery will 

 proceed in the natural way. 



TABLE OF AVRONG PRESEXTATIONS. 



(Incompletely extended. Flexor tendons short- 

 ened. 



Fore limbs | Crossed over the neck. 



Bent back at the knee. 

 [Bent b>ack from the shoulder. 



I Bent downward on the neck. 

 Head and neck turned back beneath the breast. 

 Turned to one side. 

 Turned upward and backward on the back. 



Hind limbs Hind feet engaged in the pelvis. 



Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



Inverted Back of foal to floor of pelvis. 



„• IT 1 /Bent on itself at the hock. 



tJ"^^^ l'-"^^*^ tBentatthehip. 



Transverse Back of foal to side of pelvis. 



^Inverted Back of foal to floor of i)elvis. 



„ . .- f 1, ] /With back and loins presented. 



Transverse presentation of body...|^y.^i^ y^^.^^^^ ^,^^1 ^^^1,^. presented. 



FORE LIMBS INCOMPLETELY EXTENDED. 



In eases of this kind, not only are the back tendons behind the knee 

 and shank bone undul^^ short, but the sinew extending from the front 

 of the shoulder blade over the front of the elbow and down to the 

 head of the shank bone is also shortened. The result is that the fore 

 limb is bent at the knee and the elbow is also rigidly bent. The con- 

 dition obstructs parturition b}^ the feet becoming pres.sed against the 

 floor of the pelvis or by the elbow pressing on its anterior brim. 

 Relief is to be obtained by forcible extension. A rope with a running 

 noose is parsed around each fetlock and a repeller (see Plate IX) 

 planted in the breast is pressed in a direction upward and backward 

 while active traction is made on the ropes. If the feet are not thereby 

 raised from the floor of the pelvis the palm of the hand may be placed 

 beneath them to protect the mucous membrane until they have 

 advanced sufficiently to obviate this danger. In the absence of a 

 repeller, a smooth rounded fork handle may be employed. If the 

 shortening is too great to allow of the extension of the liml)s in this 

 wa}', the tense tendons may be cut across behind the shank bone and 

 in front of the elbow, and the limb will be easily straightened out. 

 This is most easily done with an embryotomy knife furnished with a 

 ring for the middle finger, so that the blade may be protected in the 

 palm of the hand. (See Plate XV, fig. 4.) 



