178 BUEEAU OF A2IIMAL IJN'ItUSTRY. 



the nose can be seized in the palm of the hand. Kext have the assist- 

 ants pusli back the presenting limbs, while the nose is stronglj^ lifted 

 upward over the brim of the pelvis. This accomplished, it assumes 

 the natural position and parturition is easy. 



When both head and neck are bent downward it may be impossible 

 to rea,ch the nose. If, however, the labor has onl}' commenced, the 

 limbs ma}' be drawn upon until the operator can reach the ear, by 

 dragging on wdiich the head ma}' be so far advanced that the fingers 

 may reach tha orbit; traction upon this while the limbs are being 

 pushed back may bring the head up so that it bends on the neck only, 

 and the further procedure will be as described in the last paragraph. 



If the labor has been long in progress and the fetus is jammed into 

 the pelvis, the womb emptied of the waters and firmly contracted on 

 its solid contents, the case is incomparably more difficult. The mare 

 may be chloroformed and turned on her back with hind parts elevated, 

 and the womb may be injected with sweet oil. Then, if the ear can 

 be reached, the correction of the malpresentation may be attempted 

 as above described. Should this fail, one or more sharp hooks may be 

 inserted in the neck as near the head as can be reached, and ropes 

 attached to these may be dragged on, while the body of the foal is 

 pushed back by the fore limbs or by a repeller. Such repulsion 

 should be made in a direction obliquely upward toward the loins of 

 the mother, so as to rotate the fetus in such a way as to bring the 

 head up. As this is accomplished a hold should be secured nearer 

 and nearer to the nose, with hand or hook, until the head can be 

 straightened out on the neck. 



All means failing, it becomes necessary to remove the fore limbs 

 (embryotomy) so as to make more space for bringing up the head. If, 

 even then, this can not be accomplished, it may be possible to push 

 the body backward and upward with the repeller until the hind limbs 

 are brought to the passage, when they may be noosed and delivery 

 effected with the posterior presentation. 



HEAD TURNED BACK OX THE SHOULDER. 



In this case, the fore feet present, and the oiled hand passed along 

 the forearms in search of the missing head finds the side of the neck 

 turned to one side, the head being perhaps entirely out of reach. 

 (Plate XIV, fig. 1.) To bring forward the head it may be desirable 

 to lay the mare on the opposite side to that to which the head is 

 turned, and even to give chloroform or ether. Then the feet being 

 noosed, the body of the fetus is pushed by the hand or repeller for- 

 ward and to the side opposite to that occupied by the head until the 

 head comes within reach, near the entrance of the pelvis. If such 

 displacement of the fetus is difficult, it may be facilitated by a free 

 use of oil or lard. When the nose can be seized, it can be brought into 



