DISEASES OF THE HOSSE. 179 



the passage as when the head is turned down. If it can not be reached, 

 the orbit maj be availed of to draw the head forward until the nose 

 can be seized or the lower jaw noosed. In ver}^ difficult cases a rope 

 ma}^ be passed around the neck by the hand or with the aid of a curved 

 carrier (Plate IX), and traction may be made upon this while the 

 body is being rotated to the other side. In the same way in bad cases, 

 a hook may be fixed in the orbit or even between the bones of the 

 lower jaw to assist in bringing the head up into position. Should all 

 fail, the amputation of the fore limbs may be resorted to as advised 

 under the last heading. 



HEAD TURNED UPWARD ON THE BACK. 



This differs from the last malpresentation only in the direction of 

 the head, which has to be sought above rather than at one side, and is 

 to be secured and brought forward in a similar manner. (Plate XIV, 

 fig. 2.) If a rope can be passed around the neck it will prove most 

 effectual, as it naturally slides nearer to the hegd as the neck is 

 straightened, and ends by bringing the head within easj' reach. 



HIND FEET ENGAGED IX TIIE PELVIS. 



In this case fore limbs and head present naturally, but the hind limbs 

 bent forward from the hip and the loins arched allow the hind feet 

 also to enter the passages, and the farther labor advances the more 

 tirmh' does the body of the foal become wedged into the pelvis. 

 (Plate XIII, fig. 2. ) The condition is to be recognized hj introducing 

 the oiled hand along the belly of the fetus, when the hind feet will be 

 felt advancing. An attempt should at once be made to push them 

 back, one after the other, over the brim of the pelvis. Failing in this, 

 the mare may be turned on her back, head downhill, and the attempt 

 renewed. If it is possible to introduce a straight rope carrier, a noose 

 passed through this may be put on the fetlock and the repulsion 

 thereby made more effective. In case of continued failure the ante- 

 lior presenting part of the body ma}^ be skinned and cut off as far 

 back toward the pelvis as possible (see ''Embryotomy"); then nooses 

 are placed on the hind fetlocks and traction is made upon these while 

 the quarters are pushed back into the womb. Then the remaining 

 portion is brought awa}- b}'- the posterior presentation. 



ANTERIOR PRESENTATION WITH BACK TURNED TO ONE SIDE. 



The greatest diameter of the axis of the foal, like that of the pelvic 

 passages, is from above downward, and when the fetus enters the 

 pelvis with this greatest diameter engaged transversely or in the nar- 

 row diameter of the pelvis, parturition is rendered difficult or impos- 

 sible. In such a case the pasterns and head may be noosed, and the 



