200 ^ BUREAU OF ANIMAL IKDUSTRY. 



of camphor oftc7\ 3'ield good results. The adunnistration of the stim- 

 ulants should be repeated in one hour if the pulse has not become 

 stronger and slower. In either case, when reaction has occurred, 

 preparations of iron and general tonics may be given during conva- 

 lescence: Sulphate of iron, 1 dram; gentian, 3 drams; red cinchona 

 bark, 2 drams; mix and give in the feed morning and evening. 



Prevention. — In very hot weather horses should have wet sponges 

 or light sunshades on the head when at work, or the head may be 

 sponged with cold water as many times a day as possible. Proper 

 attention should be given to feeding and watering, never in excess. 

 During the warm months all stables should be cool and well ventilated, 

 and if an animal is debilitated from exhaustive work or disease he 

 should receive such treatment as will tend to build up the sj'stem. 

 Horses should be permitted to drink as nuich water as the}- want while 

 they are at work during hot weather. 



An animal which has been affected with sunstroke is ver^^ liable to 

 have subsequent attacks w^hen exposed to the necessarj^ exciting 

 causes. 



APOrLEXY, OR CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE. 



Apoplexy is often confounded with cerebral congestion, but true 

 apoplexy always consists in rupture of cerebral blood vessels, with 

 blood extravasation and formation of blood clot. 



Causes. — Two causes are involved in the production of apoplexy, 

 the j?r66?/.?/>06'2'w(7 and the exciting. The predisposing cause is degen- 

 eration, or disease which weakens the blood vessel; the exciting cause 

 is any one which tends to induce cerebral congestion. 



Symptoms. — Apoplexy is characterized by a sudden loss of sensa- 

 tion and motion, profound coma, and stertorous and difficult breathing. 

 The action of the heart is little disturbed at first, but soon becomes 

 slower, then quicker and feebler, and after a little time ceases. If 

 the rupture is one of a small arter}^ and the extravasation limited, 

 sudden paral3^sis of some part of the bod}" is the result. The extent 

 and location of the paralysis depend upon the location within the 

 brain which is functionally' deranged by the pressure of the extra- 

 vasated blood; hence tliese conditions are very variable. 



In the absence of an}- premonitory symptoms or an increase of tem- 

 perature in the early stage of the attack, we may be reasonabl}' certain 

 in making the distinction between this disease and congestion of the 

 brain, or sunstroke. 



Pathology. — In apoplexy there is generall}' found an atheromatous 

 condition of the cerebral vessels, with weakening and degeneration of 

 their walls. When a large artery has been ruptured it is usuall}' fol- 

 lowed by immediate death, and large rents may be found in the cere- 

 brum, with great destruction of brain tissue, induced by the forcible 



