210 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUbTRT. 



muscles belonging' thereto. This fracture would not be suspected 

 were it not for the loss of motion of the tail. 



Intestinal pai^alysis. — Characterized by persistent constipation; fre- 

 quently the strongest purgatives have no effect whatever on the move- 

 ment of the bowels. In the absence of symptoms of indigestion, or 

 special diseases implicating the intestinal canal, torpor of the bowels 

 must be attributed to deficient innervation. This condition may 

 depend upon brain affections or be due to reflex paralj^sis. Sudden 

 checks of perspiration may induce excessive action of the bowels or 

 paralysis. 



Paralysis of the hUidder. — This usually affects tlie neck of the blad- 

 der, and is characterized by incontinence of urine; the urine dribbles 

 away as fast as it is secreted. The cause may be of reflex origin, 

 disease of the rectum, tumors growing within the pelvic cavity, injury 

 to the spinal cord, etc. 



Paralysis of the optic nerve^ or amaurosis. — A paralj^sis of e3-esight 

 ma}^ occur very suddenly from rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, 

 acute local congestion of the brain, the administration of excessive 

 doses of belladonna or its alkaloid atropia, etc. In amaurosis the 

 pupil is dilated to its full extent, the ej^e looks clear, but does not 

 respond to light. 



Paralysis of hearing, of the external ear, of the eyelid, partial 

 paral3-sis of the heart and organs of respiration, of the blood vessels 

 from injury to the vaso-motor nerves of the esophagus, or loss of 

 deglutition, pals}^ of the stomach, all may be manifested when the 

 supply of nervous influence is impaired or suspended. 



Treatment for paralysis. — In all paralytic affections there may lie 

 anesthesia., or impairment of sensibilit}', in addition to the loss of 

 motion, or there may be hyperesthesia., or increased sensibilit3% in con- 

 nection with the loss of motion. These conditions may call for special 

 treatment in addition to that for loss of motion. Where hyperesthe- 

 sia is well marked local anodynes may be needed to relieve sufferirig. 

 Chloroform liniment or hypodermic injections of from 3 to 5 grains 

 of sulphate of morphia will allay local pain. If there is marked anes- 

 thesia, or loss of sensibility, it may become necessary to secure tlic 

 animal in such a way that he can not suffer serious injury from acci- 

 dents which he can not avoid or feel. In the treatment of any form of 

 paralj^sis we must always refer to the cause, and attempt its removal 

 if it can be discovered. In cases where the cause can not be deter- 

 mined we have to rely solely upon a general external and internal 

 treatment. Externally, fly blisters or strong irritant liniments may 

 ,be applied to the paralyzed parts. In hemiplegia they should be 

 applied along the bony part of the side of the neck; in paraplegia, 

 across the loins. In some cases hot-water cloths will be beneficial. 

 Internally, it is well to administer 1 dram of powdered nux vomica or 



