246 KLRKAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



of great debility a.ssooiated with a low grade of fever, stimulants and 

 tonics, and nitro-muriatic acid as an antiseptic, nia\' be l>eneticial. 



DISEASES OF VEINS. OR rULEBITIS. 



Inflammation of veins may K^ simple or diffuse. In simple phlebitis 

 the disease of the vein is contincd to a circumscri))ed or limited portion 

 of a vein; in diffuse it involves the vein for a lonir distance: it may 

 even extend from a limb or foot to the heart. 



CaMses. — Phlebitis may be induced b^' contusions or direct injuries, 

 an extension of inflammation from surrounding tissue, such as in 

 abscess, formation of tumor, or malignant growth. It is oftt^n due to 

 embolism of infective material, gangrenous matter, etc. Blood-letting 

 from the jugular vein is occasionally followed by dangerous phlebitis. 



>Sf/i)tj)hwis. — The symptoms vary according to the extent and sever- 

 ity of the inflanunation. In most cases the vein is swollen, thickened, 

 and indurated to such a degree as to rescml)le an arterv. A diffused 

 swelling, with great tenderness, may extend along the affected vessel 

 and the animal manifest all the symptonoi^ connected with acute fever 

 and general functional distur])ance. 



PatJiology. — The disease is only serious when large veins are aflected. 

 The coats undergo the same changes as in arteritis; clots of blood and 

 h'mph plug the inflamed vessel, and, if the inflammatory process con- 

 tinues, these are converted into pus, which ruptures the vessel and pro- 

 duces a deep abscess; or it may be carried away in tlie circulation and 

 produce met-astatic abscess in the lungs or other remote organs. In 

 mild cases the clots may become absorbed and the vessel restored to 

 health. Phlebitis in the coui*se of the veins of the limbs frequently 

 leads to numerous abscesses, which may be mistaken for farcy ulcera- 

 tions. A very common result of phlebitis is an obliteration of the 

 affected portion of the vein, but as collateml circulation is readily estal>- 

 lished this is seldom of any material inconvenience. 



Treatment. — Phlebitis should be treated by the application of a 

 smart blister along the coui-se of the inflamed vessel; early opening of 

 any abscesses which may form; the animal should have complete rest, 

 and the bowels be kept loose with bran mashes. When the fever runs 

 high, half-omice doses of nitrate of potassa may be given in the drink- 

 ing water, which may be changed in two or three days for 1-draiu 

 doses of the iodide of potassa. If the animal becomes debilitated, 

 carbonate of ammonbi, 1 dram, and powdered gentian, 3 drams, may 

 be given every six hours. 



VARICOSE VEINS, VARIX. OK DILATATION OF VEINS. 



This ma}' be a result of weakening of the coats from inflammatory 

 disease and degeneration. It may also be due to meclianical obstruc- 

 tion from internal or external sources. It is sometimes found in the 



