454 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



fourth ounce bicarbonate of soda and 1 dram of carbolic acid in a quart 

 of water may be used. 



STINGS OF BEES, WASPS, AND HORNETS. 



Tliese are much more irritating than the bites of flies, partly because 

 the barbed sting is left in the wound, and partly because of the amount 

 and quality of the venom. When a swarm attacks an animal the result 

 may prove fatal. 



Treatment consists in the application of wet clay, or of a lotion of 

 soda or ammonia, or of carbolic acid, or permanganate of potash, 2 

 grains to the ounce, or of sugar of lead 2 drams, laudanum 1 ounce, 

 and water 1 pint. The embedded stings should be extracted with fine 

 forceps or even with the finger nails. 



FLEA, OR rUXEX. 



The flea of man and those of the dog and cat, when numerous, will 

 bite the horse and give rise to rounded swellings on the skin. To dis- 

 pose of them it is needful to clear the surroundings of the grub-like 

 larvsB as well as to treat the victim. The soil may be sprinkled with 

 quicklime, carbolic acid, coal tar, or petroleum; the stalls may be 

 deluged with boiling water and afterwards painted with oil of turpen- 

 tine and littered with fresh pine sawdust, and all blankets should be 

 boiled. The skin may be sponged Avith a solution of 1 part carbolic 

 acid in 50 parts of water. Dogs, cats, and pigs should be dressed 

 with the same lotion, or, better, removed from the vicinity of the 

 stable. 



The chigoe {Pidex penetrans) of the Gulf coast is still more injuri- 

 ous, because it burrows under the surface and deposits its eggs to be 

 hatched out slowly with much irritation. The tumor formed by it 

 should be laid open and the parasite extracted. If it bursts so that its 

 eggs escape into the wound, they maj- be destroj^ed by introducing a 

 wire at a red heat. 



LICE, OR PEDICLXI. 



Two kinds of lice attack the horse, one of which is furnished with 

 narrow head and a proboscis for perforating the skin and sucking the 

 blood, and 'the other — the broad-headed kind — with strong mandibles, 

 by which it bites the skin only. Of the bloodsuckers, one is common 

 to horse and ass and another to horse and ox, while of the nonsucking 

 lice one species attacks horse and ox and a second ox and ass. The 

 poor condition, itching, and loss of hair should lead to suspicion, and 

 a close examination will detect the lice. They may be destroyed by 

 rubbing the victhu with sulphur ointment, or with sulphuret of potas- 

 sium 4 ounces, water 1 gallon, or with tar water, or the skin may be 

 sponged with benzine. The application should be repeated a week 



