474 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 



lin, h'sol, or particularly an alcoholic tincture of camphor. Continu- 

 ous irritation with antiseptic fluids prevents the accumulation and 

 absorption of poisonous liquids. Incisions into the dead tissue may 

 be made, and when sloughing commences the tissue should be removed 

 with forceps and the resulting wound treated as in dry gangrene. 



ULCERATION. 



An ulcer is a circumscribed area of necrosis occurring on the skin 

 or mucous membrane and covered with graiuilation tissue. It is a 

 process of destruction, and when this process is going on faster than 

 regeneration can take place, we have a gnawing, or eating, ulcer. 

 When such an ulcer increases rapidly in size it is termed a phagedenic 

 ulcer. A fungoid ulcer is one in which the bottom of the ulcer pro- 

 jects beyond the edge of the skin. These ulcers secrete milky or 

 bloodv-whito liquid called ichor. When the ulcer is of an ashen or 

 leaden color, with the bottom and sides formed of dense, hard connec- 

 tive tissue which gives but little discharge and is not sensitive, it is 

 termed callous, torpid, or indolent ulcer. 



Ccmses. — As in the case of gangrene, disturbances of circulation are 

 among the most frequent causes. A wound to a tissue with slight 

 recuperative power may be followed by ulceration, as in tumors. 

 Certain germs may produce ulcers, as the glanders bacilli, which cause 

 the ulcerations on the nasal septum in glanders. 



Treatment. — This consists in removing at once the exciting cause. 

 The secretions of the ulcer should be washed off with antiseptic solu- 

 tions and the formation of granulation tissues stimulated by antiseptic 

 'salves, such as carbolated vaseline, lead ointment, or by dressings of 

 camphor. Air should be kept from the ulcer by occlusive dressings. 

 Where the ulcers are inflamed, w^arm lead water or .lead water and 

 laudanum will be found efficacious. Callous ulcers are best removed 

 b}' a curet, knife, or hot iron and then treated like a common wound. 

 Mechanical irritation should be avoided. 



ABSCESSES. 



These consist of accumulations of pus within circumscribed walls, 

 at different parts of the body, and may be classed as acute, and cold, 

 or chronic, abscesses. 



When an abscess occurs about a hair follicle it is called a boil or 

 furuncle; when several hair follicles are involved, resulting in the for- 

 mation of more than one exit for the inflammatory products, it is called 

 a carbuncle. 



ACUTK ABSCEtiSES. 



Acute abscesses follow as the result of local inflammation in glands, 

 muscular tissue, or even bones. They are ver^^ common in the two 



